老年乳腺癌患者健康行为自主性的潜在剖面分析  

Potential profiling of health behavior autonomy in older adults with breast cancer

作　　者：张宇彤 李红梅[1] 王茜 李沁瑶 李苗 李盼盼 Zhang Yutong;Li Hongmei;Wang Qian;Li Qinyao;Li Miao;Li Panpan(Department of Nursing,Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University,Fenyang 032200,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学汾阳学院护理系,汾阳032200

出　　处：《中国实用护理杂志》2024年第35期2772-2780,共9页Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing

基　　金：山西省研究生创新项目(2023SJ173);山西医科大学汾阳学院科研项目(2022C29);吕梁市科技计划项目(2020ZDSYS15)。

摘　　要：目的探讨老年乳腺癌患者健康行为自主性的类别及其影响因素,为针对性地制订策略提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2023年12月至2024年5月山西省汾阳医院300例老年乳腺癌患者,采用一般资料调查表、自主功能指数量表、简化版双向社会支持量表、Fried衰弱表型进行横断面调查,运用潜在剖面分析探究其自主性的潜在类别,采用多分类Logistic回归分析各因素对其不同类别的影响。结果有效回收问卷256份,256例老年乳腺癌患者的年龄为(65.54±5.34)岁。乳腺癌患者健康行为的自主性分为"低自主性组"(35.56%,91/256)、"中等自主性组"(48.82%,125/256)、"高自主性组"(15.62%,40/256)3个潜在剖面。Logistic回归分析显示,患者对疾病的了解情况、衰弱情况、合并症情况和双向社会支持是患者健康行为自主性的影响因素(OR值为0.283~4.310,均P<0.05)。结论老年乳腺癌患者健康行为自主性水平存在显著异质性。医护人员应注重不同患者自主性的特征,给予个性化的指导和护理干预,提高患者健康管理的自主性,为改善老年乳腺癌的健康行为提供干预依据。Objective To explore the categories of health behavior autonomy of elderly breast cancer patients and their influencing factors,so as to provide reference for developing targeted strategies.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 300 elderly breast cancer patients from Fenyang Hospital in Shanxi Province from December 2023 to May 2024,and a cross-sectional survey was conducted using general information questionnaire,Functional Indicator of Autonomy(FIA),Simplified Bidirectional Social Support Scale(SBSS),and Fried Frailty Scale(FFS)to explore the potential categories of autonomy by using latent profile analysis,and multicategorical Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of each factor on their different categories.Results Validly recovered questionnaires were 256,and the female elderly breast cancer patients aged(65.54±5.34)years.The autonomy of health behaviors of breast cancer patients was divided into three groups:"low autonomy group"(35.56%,91/256),"medium autonomy group"(48.82%,125/256),"high autonomy group"(15.62%,40/256)in 3 potential profiles.Logistic regression analysis showed that patients′knowledge of the disease,debilitation,comorbidities,and bi-directional social support were influential factors in patients′autonomy in health behaviors(OR values were 0.283-4.310,all P<0.05).Conclusions There is significant heterogeneity in the level of health behavior autonomy among elderly breast cancer patients.Healthcare professionals should focus on the characteristics of different patients′autonomy and give personalized guidance and nursing interventions to improve the autonomy of patients′health management,in order to provide a basis for intervention to improve the health behaviors of elderly breast cancer.

关 键 词：乳腺肿瘤 老年人 健康行为 自主性 潜在剖面分析 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]