农村集体福利保护弱势群体:广东省崖口村的实践与启示  

Rural Collective Welfare Protects the Vulnerable Groups:Practices and Revelations from Yakou Village in Guangdong Province

作　　者：戴容成 李鑫 张和清[1,2,3,4,5,6] Dai Rongcheng;Li Xin;Zhang Heqing(School of Sociology&Anthropology,Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院 [2]华南农业大学社会工作与社会政策研究中心 [3]中山大学社会学与社会工作系 [4]中国社会工作教育协会 [5]中国农村社会工作专委会 [6]广东省社会工作发展促进会

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2024年第5期68-98,F0002,共32页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：在中国农村发展的相关研究中,学者们对于国家、市场和农村集体的讨论极为丰富。秦晖从民间组织资源和现代国家整合的视野出发,探讨了小集体主义与大共同体在解决农民问题中的关键关系;黄宗智则提出在“集体经济”和“个体经济”之间寻求赋予农民更加公平待遇的第三条道路;潘维聚焦新农村建设背景下的农村组织能力与农民主体性,强调了赋权与参与的重要性。在此研究脉络下,本文以崖口村这一至今仍坚守集体主义制度的村庄为研究案例,通过参与式观察、深度访谈和文献分析等多种方法,梳理崖口村集体资产积累与集体福利保护弱者的实践过程,并探讨中国农村集体福利实践的经验及启示。研究认为,崖口村集体福利保护弱者建立在集体经济资产长期积累的基础之上,具体表现为:通过坚守集体主义制度保护村中弱势人群、为弱势村民提供就业安置、村办养老院供养无依靠老人、扶幼资学及以商助农等多个方面。崖口村在集体主义意识形态的持续影响下,继承并创造性地发展了人民公社时期的集体福利制度,这种发展体现出“集体主义—集体福利—保护弱者”的实践模式,与“社会主义—集体主义”的社会工作范式在保护弱者上具有内在的价值关联。In studies of China’s rural development,scholars have discussed the state,the market,and rural collectives in great abundance.Qin Hui explores the key relationship between small collectivism and large community in solving the peasant problem from the perspective of resources of civil organizations and integration of the modern state;Huang Zongzhi proposes to seek a third way to give peasants a fairer treatment between“collective economy”and“individual economy”;Pan Wei focuses on the capacity of rural organizations and peasant subjectivity in the context of new rural construction,emphasizing the importance of empowering peasants and the role of the state in rural development.Under this line of research,this paper takes Yakou Village,a village that still adheres to the collectivist system,as a case study,and uses various research methods,such as participatory observation,in-depth interviews,and document analysis,to sort out the process of collective asset accumulation and the practice of collective welfare for the protection of the weak in Yakou Village,and to discuss the experience and inspiration of the practice of collective welfare in rural areas in China.The study concludes that the protection of the disadvantaged by collective welfare in Yakou Village is based on the long-term accumulation of collective economic assets,which is manifested in the following ways:protecting the disadvantaged in the village by adhering to the collectivist system,providing employment for the disadvantaged villagers,providing support for the elderly who have no one to depend on in the village-run old people’s home,helping the young and supporting the schools,and assisting the farmers through business.Under the continuing influence of collectivist ideology,Yakou Village has inherited and creatively developed the collective welfare system of the People’s Commune period,and this development reflects the practice pattern of“collectivism-collective welfare-protection of the weak”,which is different from the practice pa

关 键 词：崖口村 农村集体福利 弱势群体保护 集体主义 农村社会工作 社区发展 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理] D422.6[社会学]