唐五代河西地区的儒学教育——以敦煌写本为中心  

Confucianism Education in Hexi Area in Tang Five Dynasties——Centered on Dunhuang Manuscripts

作　　者：张利亚 ZHANG Liya(School of Humanities,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学人文学院,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《西安石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期114-121,共8页Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“唐五代河西地区儒学教育研究——以敦煌写本为中心”(18YJAZH130)。

摘　　要：河西地区是古代丝绸之路上的咽喉要道,也是西北儒学传播影响最重要的区域。这里自汉代就形成了良好的儒学教育基础,并延续至唐五代,对唐代中央政权在此区域的统治和影响意义非常重大。通过分析敦煌文献,详细阐述了唐代敦煌地区的儒学教育机构形式、生源种类、教学内容等具体细节,提出唐代敦煌儒学深受关中的影响,儒经传自长安;敦煌的儒学教育机构形式较为多样,出现了州学、县学、寺学、私学、义学、伎术院等形式;生源来自敦煌大族子弟、普通百姓、僧侣、入华胡人等各种不同身份和阶层的人群,机构按照生员的年纪和水平分类教学。敦煌文献中出现了儒学十二经,多数为注疏本,同时也出现了辅助学习儒学的类书和蒙书抄本。敦煌地区的儒学以提高文化修养为主,隋唐时期出现了颇具影响的令狐世家,代表了儒学教育在此的成就。研究表明,正因为敦煌地处丝路重镇,崇尚儒学,兼容并包,对历史有深远影响。Hexi area is the throat of the ancient Silk Road,and also the most important area for the spread of Confucianism in Northwest China.A good foundation of Confucian education has been formed here since the Han Dynasty and continued to the Tang Five Dynasties,which is of great significance to the rule and influence of the central government of the Tang Dynasty in this region.Through the analysis of Dunhuang literature,this paper expounds in detail the form of Confucian education institutions,the types of students and the teaching contents in Dunhuang area in the Tang Dynasty,and proposes that Dunhuang Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty was deeply influenced by Guanzhong,and Confucian classics were handed down from Chang'an.The educational institutions of Confucianism in Dunhuang have various forms,such as state school,county school,temple school,private school,free school and Chi school.The students come from the children of the Dunhuang ethnic group,ordinary people,monks,Hu people and other groups of different identities and classes.The institutions teach students according to their age and level.The twelve classics of Confucianism appeared in Dunhuang literature,most of which were annotated versions.At the same time,there also appeared related books and Mongolian manuscripts to assist the study of Confucianism.Confucianism in Dunhuang area is mainly to improve cultural accomplishment.The influential Linghu family appeared in the Sui and Tang Dynasties,which represents the achievement of Confucian education in this area.The study shows that Dunhuang is located on the Silk Road,advocating Confucianism and inclusiveness,which has a profound impact on history.

关 键 词：儒学教育 文化认同与传播 敦煌文献 唐五代 河西走廊 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]