基于激光球杆干涉仪的数控机床空间误差高效测量、辨识与补偿  

Efficient measurement,identification and compensation of volumetric errors on machine tools using laserbar

作　　者：肖域坤 曾治霖 唐越 冯晓冰 杜正春[1,2] Xiao Yukun;Zeng Zhilin;Tang Yue;Feng Xiaobing;Du Zhengchun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2024年第10期222-233,共12页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U22B2086,52375504)项目资助。

摘　　要：空间误差补偿是提升数控机床精度和性能的重要途径。然而,机床空间误差元素众多,传统直接测量方法耗时长,限制了空间误差补偿的广泛应用。本文提出一种基于激光球杆干涉仪的数控机床空间误差高效测量、辨识与补偿方法。该方法利用激光球杆干涉仪在不同位置处测量的机床空间轨迹数据,采用多边测量原理解算出理论测量点的实际空间坐标;通过测量点的空间位置误差及数控机床的空间误差模型,辨识出机床各几何误差项;利用数控系统的原点偏移功能开发了实时误差补偿系统。数值仿真表明,本文误差辨识方法与Etalon TRAC-CAL软件的辨识结果基本一致。实验显示,本文方法可在1 h内完成三轴数控机床的测量与辨识,误差辨识结果与直接测量结果相近,误差补偿后机床空间精度显著提升,工件加工精度提升50%以上。该方法能大幅提高机床空间误差测量与补偿效率,具有广阔的工业应用前景。Volumetric error compensation is essential for improving the accuracy and performance of machine tools.However,due to the numerous error factors in machine tools,traditional direct measurement methods are time-consuming,limiting the application of volumetric error compensation.This paper proposes an efficient measurement,identification,and compensation method for volumetric errors on machine tools using a laserbar.This method collects spatial trajectory data of the machine tool at different base stations by the laserbar and applies the multilateral measurement to calculate the actual spatial coordinates of the theoretical measurement points.Then,the comprehensive volumetric error model of the machine tool is established,and the geometric error terms of the machine tool are identified using the position errors of the measurement points.Finally,a real-time error compensation system is developed based on the origin offset function of the numerical control system.The numerical simulation results show that the identified error items of the proposed method are consistent with those obtained from Etalon TRAC-CAL software.The experiment of error measurement,identification,and compensation is conducted on a 3-axis machining tool with in 1 hour.The volumetric accuracy of the machine tool is significantly improved after compensation,and the machining accuracy of the workpiece is increased by more than 50%.This method greatly increases the efficiency of volumetric error measurement and compensation for machine tools,showing broad application prospects in the industrial application.Volumetric error compensation is important to improve the accuracy and performance of machine tools.However,there are many error items in machine tools,and traditional direct measurement methods are time-consuming,which limits the application of volumetric error compensation.This paper proposes an efficient measurement,identification,and compensation method for volumetric errors on machine tools using laserbar.The laserbar is fixed at different bas

关 键 词：数控机床 空间误差 激光球杆干涉仪 多边测量 误差辨识 误差补偿 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]