浮萍科植物作为受体材料在重(类)金属污染监测中的应用研究进展  

Research progress on the application of duckweed as a receptor material in heavy metal(metalloid)pollution monitoring

作　　者：汪琪 董鹏 刘铭 吴丽[1,4] 邢伟 Wang Qi;Dong Peng;Liu Ming;Wu Li;Xing Wei(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;CCCC First Harbor Engineering Company Ltd.,Tianjin 300461,China;Wuhan Construction Investment Co.,Ltd.,CCCC First Harbor Engineering Company Ltd.,Wuhan 430075,China;School of Environment,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology,Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430074 [2]中交第一航务工程局有限公司,天津300461 [3]中交一航局武汉建设投资有限公司,武汉430075 [4]东北师范大学环境学院,长春130117 [5]中国科学院武汉植物园,中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2024年第6期815-824,共10页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170375,42307102)。

摘　　要：水体重(类)金属污染已成为当今国内外重要的环境问题,对水生生态系统稳定和人类健康造成严重威胁。目前工程上控制废水中重(类)金属污染的方法存在效率低、成本高、耗时长等问题,而且修复工程本身可能对环境造成二次污染,导致生态系统进一步被破坏。因此,寻求高效、环保的解决方案至关重要。此外,重(类)金属的存在也给淡水生态环境带来了巨大压力,如何高效监测这些重(类)金属并对其毒性进行科学的评价,成为当今环境科学领域的热点问题。传统上讲的水生漂浮植物浮萍(Duckweed)实际上是浮萍科浮萍属(Lemna)、紫萍属(Spirodela)和芜萍属(Wolffia)的总称。由于它们易在受控条件下培养且生长迅速,能对重(类)金属污染进行早期预警和后期修复等特点,目前已成为淡水生态学研究中的重要模式植物。本文对近20年来浮萍科植物作为受试材料指示淡水环境中重(类)金属生态毒性与毒理的研究与应用进行了回顾,总结了不同水平(分子、细胞、个体)浮萍科植物的响应特征和应用特点,并对现存的挑战和未来的发展趋势进行了展望。Heavy metal(metalloid)pollution in aquatic systems is a critical global environmental concern,threatening the stability of aquatic ecosystems and posing severe risks to human health.Current engineering approaches for treating heavy metal(metalloid)pollution in wastewater are hindered by low efficiency,high costs,prolonged treatment times,and the potential to cause secondary pollution,further exacerbating ecosystem degradation.Consequently,the development of efficient,cost-effective,and environmentally sustainable solutions has become a priority.Furthermore,heavy metal(metalloid)contamination imposes immense pres-sure on freshwater ecosystems,underscoring the urgent need for efficient monitoring tools and scientific methods for evaluating their toxicity.Duckweed,a term encompassing various genera within the family Lemnaceae,including Lemna,Spirodela,and Wolffia,has emerged as a promising model plant in freshwater ecological research.Its rapid growth,ease of cultivation under controlled conditions,and sensitivity to environmental changes make it an ideal candidate for both early detection and subsequent remediation of heavy metal(metalloid)pollution.This review consolidates two decades of research on the application of duckweed as a bioindicator and remediation agent for heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.We summarize its response mechanisms and applications across molecular,cellular,and individual levels,providing insights into existing challenges and future development trends.This review aims to provide a theoretical framework for its strategic and effective application in monitoring and mitigating heavy metal(metalloid)pollution in freshwater ecosystems.

关 键 词：浮萍 重(类)金属 水生态系统 生态风险 氧化应激 漂浮植物 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]