中国北方五市儿童青少年心理行为问题流行病学特征现况调查  

Psychosocial and behavioral problems of children and adolescents across five cities in Northern China

作　　者：李民俊 李少丽[2] 贾飞勇[3] 王文丽 赵云静[5] 董涵宇 刘军廷[2] 牛文全 彭楠 屈夏 顾佳璐 周立君 周波 王建红[1] 王琳 Li Minjun;Li Shaoli;Jia Feiyong;Wang Wenli;Zhao Yunjing;Dong Hanyu;Liu Junting;Niu Wenquan;Peng Nan;Qu Xia;Gu Jialu;Zhou Lijun;Zhou Bo;Wang Jianhong;Wang Lin(Department of Child Health Care,Children′s Hospital,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing100020,China;Child Health Big Data Research Center,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing100020,China;Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,the First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun130021,China;Department of Child Health Care,Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia010020,China;Department of Developmental Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang110004,China;Center for Evidence-Based Medicine,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing100020,China)

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院儿童保健中心,北京100020 [2]首都儿科研究所儿童健康大数据研究中心,北京100020 [3]吉林大学第一医院发育行为儿科,长春130021 [4]内蒙古自治区妇幼保健院儿童保健科,呼和浩特010020 [5]中国医科大学附属盛京医院发育儿科,沈阳110004 [6]首都儿科研究所循证医学中心,北京100020

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2024年第12期1967-1975,共9页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82273645);北京市自然科学基金(7232235);北京市医院管理中心“登峰”计划(DFL20221103);高层次公共卫生技术人才建设(学科带头人-02-19);北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金(L232121);北京市属医院科研培育项目(PX2022053)。

摘　　要：目的研究不同年龄和性别儿童青少年的心理行为问题特点及其影响因素,为今后进行更有针对性的心理干预和社会支持提供科学依据。方法采用横断面研究,通过分层随机抽样方法,应用网络问卷调查的方式,于2023年4月21日至5月31日通过自编社会生活特征问卷和家长版Achenbach儿童行为量表(Child Behavior Check List,CBCL)对我国北方四省直辖市(北京、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古)的五个城市(北京、长春、白城、沈阳、呼和浩特)中6~16岁儿童和青少年社会生活特征以及心理行为问题进行调查,旨在探讨不同心理行为问题的检出率及其总体特征,同时分析相关影响因素。利用逐步回归分析筛选可能影响儿童青少年心理健康的影响因素,采用logistic回归分析心理行为问题的危险因素,并对混杂因素进行校正。结果本研究共发放问卷10492份,根据CBCL量表年龄范围(6~16岁)以及问卷填写质量,最终获得有效问卷8593份,其中男4385名(51.03%),女4208名(48.97%),6~11岁组3348名,12~16岁5245名。儿童心理行为问题检出688名(8.01%),其中:6~11岁组男孩1762名,心理行为问题检出142名(8.06%),女孩1586名,检出84名(5.30%);12~16岁组男孩2623名,心理行为问题检出237名(9.04%),女孩2622名,检出225名(8.58%)。整体阳性检出率男孩高于女孩,大年龄段高于小年龄段。通过logistic回归分析确定六个显著性风险因素:亲子冲突(OR=4.207,95%CI:3.583~4.940)、饮食习惯(OR=1.862,95%CI:1.566~2.213)、父母精神疾病患病史(OR=5.381,95%CI:2.673~10.83)、睡眠问题(OR=4.664,95%CI:4.194~5.187)、屏幕暴露(OR=1.863,95%CI:1.577~2.200)为危险因素,亲密朋友数量(OR=0.510,95%CI:0.431~0.603)为保护性因素。结论儿童青少年心理行为问题受不同时期社会环境改变的影响,但部分针对儿童心理行为问题的风险因素会长期持续存在,应有针对性地干预并联合家庭、学校、社会,为儿童青少年提供更加�ObjectiveThe objective of this research is to study the prevalence and risk factors of psychosocial and behavioral problems in children and adolescents of different ages and genders to provide a scientific foundation for more targeted psychological interventions and social support in the future.MethodsFrom April 21 to May 31,2023,a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified random sampling method in five cities(Beijing City,Changchun City,Baicheng City,Shenyang City,Hohhot City)across four provinces in Northern China(Beijing,Jilin,Liaoning,Inner Mongolia).The study was conducted using an online questionnaire among children and adolescents aged 6-16 years.Self-made social and life characteristics questionnaire and Achenbach Child Behavior Check List(CBCL)(for parent)was utilized to investigate the prevalence of psychosocial and behavioral problems and relative influencing factors.Using stepwise regression analysis to screen potential factors affecting the psychosocial and behavioral health of children and adolescents and logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the risk factors associated while controlling for confounding variables.ResultsA total of 10492 questionnaires were distributed in this study.Among the 8593 valid questionnaires collected,there were 4385 males(51.03%)and 4208 females(48.97%).The sample consisted of 3348 children aged 6-11 years old and 5245 children aged 12-16 years old.Out of these participants,688 individuals(8.01%)were detected positive.In the 6-11 age group,1762 boys were assessed,revealing 142 positive cases(8.06%),while 1586 girls were assessed,with 84 positive cases(5.30%).In the 12-16 age group,2623 boys were evaluated,resulting in 237 positive cases(9.04%),and 2622 girls were evaluated,with 225 positive cases(8.58%).Overall,boys had a higher prevalence rate than girls did,with older age groups showing higher rates compared to younger ones.Logistic regression analysis identified six significant risk factors:parent-child conflict(OR=4.207,95%CI:3.583-4.940),i

关 键 词：儿童青少年 心理行为问题 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]