新型尿素对马铃薯氮素积累、产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of New Types of Urea on Nitrogen Accumulation,Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Potato Production

作　　者：韩向东 刘耀军 樊晨 苏乐平 刘晶 HAN Xiangdong;LIU Yaojun;FAN Chen;SU Leping;LIU Jing(Yan’an Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Yan’an,Shaanxi 716000,China;Yan'an Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yan’an,Shaanxi 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安市土壤肥料工作站,陕西延安716000 [2]延安市农业科学研究院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2024年第12期68-73,共6页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜陕北地区马铃薯种植使用的新型尿素,共设置无氮对照、普通尿素、聚能网尿素、腐植酸尿素、含锌尿素、控失尿素6个试验处理,研究新型尿素对马铃薯氮素积累量、产量和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:施用腐植酸尿素、控失尿素和含锌尿素均提高了马铃薯单株薯重和结薯数,产量较普通尿素分别增加了17.63%、8.21%、4.70%;新型尿素均有效提高植株各器官氮含量和植株总吸氮量,腐殖酸尿素效果较佳,经济效益较普通尿素增加5 502.11元/hm^(2);腐植酸尿素和控失尿素的氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥贡献率较普通尿素分别提高0.97%~7.43%、5.48~15.39 kg/kg、5.48~15.39 kg/kg、3.77%~9.47%。因此在陕北地区,腐殖酸尿素和控失尿素在马铃薯种植生产中效果较好,可做推广使用。To identify a new type of urea for potato cultivation in northern Shaanxi,a study was conducted using six treatments:no nitrogen(control),normal urea,structured net urea,humic acid urea,zinc urea and controlled-release urea.The effects of these treatments on nitrogen accumulation,yield,and nitrogen use efficiency in potato were evaluated.The results showed that the application of humic acid urea,controlled-release urea and zinc urea increased the weight per plant and the number of tubers,with yield increases of 17.63%,8.21%,and 4.70%,respectively,compared with normal urea.These new types of urea effectively improved nitrogen content in various plant organs and total nitrogen uptake,with humic acid urea showing superior performance.This treatment led to a statistically significant improvement over normal urea and increased economic returns by 5,502.11 yuan/hm^(2).Compared to normal urea,humic acid urea and controlled-release urea improved nitrogen use efficiency indexes,including nitrogen utilization rate,nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,and nitrogen contribution rate,by 0.97~7.43%,5.48~15.39 kg/kg,and 3.77~9.47%,respectively.This study suggests that humic acid urea and controlled-release urea are highly effective for potato production and merit broader adoption in agriculture.

关 键 词：马铃薯 腐殖酸尿素 控失尿素 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]