海上风电结构逻辑化防撞的非线性动力学设计  

Nonlinear dynamics design for logically anti-collision device of offshore wind turbines

作　　者：聂宇昊 方辉[1] 王洪庆 任灏[2] 王金玺[2] NIE Yuhao;FANG Hui;WANG Hongqing;REN Hao;WANG Jinxi(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广东广州510663

出　　处：《海洋工程》2024年第6期11-20,共10页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022RDC2012305)。

摘　　要：海上风电场船撞事故频发,造成结构损坏乃至风场停产,经济损失巨大。为降低船撞事故的结构损伤,提出了新型全钢制准负刚度弹性防护装置,具有可依船体接触速度被动变化的逻辑化刚度特性。首先,建立了船舶碰撞单桩基础风机的有限元数值模型,计算结果表明与橡胶防护装置相比,新型防护装置的碰撞力和塔顶加速度分别降低56.1%和32%;进一步建立了海上风电变截面结构-准负刚度装置耦合的两自由度非线性动力学模型,并对应发展了多尺度解析方法,有效描述了船舶碰撞过程非线性能量交换与耗散过程,解析计算结果和数值解相吻合,科学描述了风机结构安装新型防护装置后特有的“低速靠船高刚度-高速撞击低刚度”力学特性;形成了以解析模型进行关键参数的高效率设计、以有限元模型实施具体构件的精细设计的工程方法;以海上风电单桩基础结构为例,实施了逻辑化防撞的工程设计。Offshore wind farms frequently experience ship collision incidents,leading to structural damage or even cessation of wind farm operations,with substantial economic losses.To mitigate the structural damage caused by ship collisions,this study proposes a novel all-steel quasi-negative stiffness elastic protective device,characterized by logistically changeable stiffness features passively based on the contact speed of the ship.Initially,a finite element numerical model of a single-pile foundation wind turbine collision with a ship was established.The calculations indicate that,compared to rubber protective devices,the novel protective device reduces collision force and tower top acceleration by 56.1% and 32%,respectively.A two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamics model coupling the variable cross-section structure of offshore wind turbines with the quasi-negative stiffness device was further constructed.A multi-scale analytical method was consequently developed,effectively depicting the nonlinear energy exchange and dissipation processes during ship collisions.Analytical calculations closely match numerical solutions,scientifically delineating the“low speed ship approach with high stiffness-high speed collision with low stiffness”mechanical characteristics unique to wind turbine structures equipped with the novel protective device.An engineering method was established,featuring efficient design of key parameters through the analytical model and detailed design of specific components using the finite element model.Using a single-pile foundation structure of offshore wind turbines as a model,a logically anti-collision engineering design was implemented.

关 键 词：船舶碰撞 逻辑化防撞 准负刚度 非线性动力学 工程设计 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TU352[天文地球—海洋科学]