实验猪在达芬奇手术机器人培训中的应用进展及挑战  

Advances and Challenges of Using Experimental Pigs in Da Vinci Surgical Robot Training

作　　者：刘意抒 蔡丽萍 LIU Yishu;CAI Liping(Department of Internal Medicine and Field Internal Medicine,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200438,China;Clinical Education Center,The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学第三附属医院内科学与野战内科学教研室,上海200438 [2]海军军医大学第一附属医院临床教育中心,上海200433

出　　处：《实验动物与比较医学》2024年第6期667-674,共8页Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine

基　　金：海军军医大学第三附属医院人才培养“腾飞工程”-优青托举项目“内科与野战内科学教研室主管护师刘意抒”(TF2024TJYQ07)。

摘　　要：实验猪在生命科学研究中占据重要地位,同时在促进临床新技术与新方法的实际应用过程中也发挥着不可或缺的关键性作用。达芬奇手术机器人系统由美国Intuitive Surgical公司开发,自2000年获美国FDA批准以来,已广泛应用于多个外科领域,因其高精度和准确性而备受推崇。随着手术机器人技术的不断进步,对专业医疗人员的技能要求也日益提高。因此,手术技能培训成为确保手术安全和有效的关键环节。本文对国内外达芬奇手术机器人的培训现状进行了简要概述,并重点探讨了实验猪在国内达芬奇手术机器人培训中的实际应用情况,指出其不仅能够有效模拟人体手术环境,使受训者在安全可控的条件下进行实践操作,还能加快受训者对手术机器人的熟悉和掌握,显著缩短学习曲线,提高手术操作精准度和稳定性,降低手术风险。然而,实验动物在手术机器人培训中的应用也面临着挑战,包括实验动物与人体差异导致的局限性、潜在的伦理风险及舆论压力等。为此,本文提出了促使伦理法规完善和执行、推动虚拟现实和增强现实技术研发等建议,以期减少手术培训对实验动物的依赖,并提升培训效果,对推动达芬奇手术机器人培训模式的创新与发展提供更多参考。Experimental pigs occupy a crucial position in life sciences research and have been indispensable in advancing the practical application of new clinical technologies and methods.The Da Vinci Surgical Robot System,developed by Intuitive Surgical in the United States,has been widely used across various surgical fields since its approval by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2000,and is highly esteemed for its precision and accuracy.With the continuous advancement of surgical robot technology,the skill requirements for medical professionals have also increased.Consequently,surgical skills training has become an essential component of ensuring both surgical safety and effectiveness.This article briefly reviews the current status of Da Vinci surgical robot training,both domestically and internationally,with a focus on the practical application of experimental pigs in domestic Da Vinci surgical robot training.It emphasizes that experimental pigs not only effectively simulate the human surgical environment,enabling trainees to practice in a safe and controlled setting,but also help accelerate the trainees'familiarity with and mastery of the surgical robot.This,in turn,significantly shortens the learning curve,enhances the precision and stability of surgical procedures,and reduces surgical risks.However,the use of experimental animals in surgical robot training also encounters challenges,including limitations caused by the differences between experimental animals and humans,potential ethical concerns,and public opinion pressures.In response to these challenges,the paper proposes suggestions such as improving and enforcing ethical regulations,as well as advancing the development of virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies.These efforts aim to reduce reliance on experimental animals in surgical training while enhancing training effectiveness,thereby contributing to the innovation and development of Da Vinci surgical robot training models.

关 键 词：实验猪 手术模拟 达芬奇手术机器人 实验动物伦理 虚拟现实 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生] Q95-33[生物学—动物学]