玉米高直链淀粉合成通路研究进展及应用  

Research Progress and Application of High Amylose Synthesis Pathway in Maize

作　　者：沙米西努尔·牙森 杨淑楠 李娟 陈勋基[2] 赵惠新[1] 李晓荣[2] Shamshinur·Yasen;Yang Shunan;LIi Juan;Chen Xunji;Zhao Huixin;Li Xiaorong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology,College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,830054;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology,Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,830091)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第24期8103-8109,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-005)、新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所开放课题(xkyhss-02)共同资助;新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2019D04010)。

摘　　要：直链淀粉的含量是玉米淀粉品质的重要指标,sbeⅡb是直链淀粉合成的关键基因。sbeⅡb基因的隐性突变能够降低淀粉合成途径中的淀粉分支酶(SBEⅡB)的活性,使支链淀粉合成减少而胚乳直链淀粉相对含量提升。淀粉生物合成过程中除了sbeⅡb外,还有sbeⅠ、su2、du等基因参与淀粉的生物合成,这些基因对直链淀粉含量的提高具有一定的修饰作用。本研究对玉米淀粉生物合成通路,该通路中支链、直链淀粉合成所需的酶及相关编码基因的功能,玉米直链淀粉提高的途径以及直链淀粉在各领域的应用等方面进行概述,并展望高直链淀粉玉米未来的需求及利用。本研究结果为玉米直链淀粉研究及应用提供借鉴。Amylose content is an important index of corn starch quality,and sbeⅡb is the main gene of amylose synthesis.The recessive mutation of sbeⅡb gene can reduce the activity of amylopectin(SBEⅡB)in starch synthesis pathway,decrease amylopectin synthesis and increase the relative amylose content in endosperm.In addition to sbeⅡb,other genes,such as sbeⅠ,su2,du,are involved in starch biosynthesis,and have certain modification effects on the increase of amylose content.In this study,the biosynthesis pathway of corn starch,the functions of enzymes and related coding genes required for the synthesis of amylopectin,amylose in this pathway,the ways to improve corn amylose and the application of amylose in various fields were summarized,and the future demand and utilization of high amylose corn were forecasted.This study provides reference for the research and application of maize amylose.

关 键 词：高直链淀粉 抗性淀粉 淀粉的生物合成 sbeⅡb基因 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]