上海地区先秦时期动物考古研究的回顾与展望  

Zooarchaeology of pre-Qin sites in Shanghai:retrospect and outlook

作　　者：董宁宁 朱旭初 DONG Ningning;ZHU Xuchu(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海200433

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第6期164-172,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题青年项目(2019ELS010)资助。

摘　　要：该研究梳理和总结了上海地区先秦时期考古遗址的动物考古研究。目前,上海出土动物遗存且经过不同程度研究的遗址共有七处,动物遗存数据的再分析显示,从马家浜文化时期到马桥文化时期,上海地区先民因地制宜地利用当地环境中的野生动物资源,也小规模地饲养家猪、家犬作为肉食资源的补充。其中,在良渚文化时期,家猪饲养业稍有加强,但整体依然以野生动物资源的利用为主。上海动物资源利用的特征和历时性变化反映出了长江下游地区先秦时期先民典型的生计方式。在今后的动物考古研究中,新发现的数据及时公布、联动整个长江下游地区进行区域性讨论、同时引入更多样化的科技分析手段,将为进一步解读上海先民的动物资源利用情况、人地关系变化提供更多视角和见解。The Lower Yangtze Valley is one of the key regions to explore social complexity and the origins and development of Chinese civilization.Also,the interaction between the increasing social complexity and the regional subsistence economy also brings in a critical issue in archaeology.Shanghai plays an important part in the archaeological cultural sequence of the Lower Yangtze Valley,the zooarchaeology of which will cast light on human-land relationships,subsistence changes and social shifts in past societies.This paper reviews the zooarchaeological studies conducted at pre-Qin sites in Shanghai.There are seven archaeological sites the zooarchaeological results of which have been published,namely the sites of Songze,Fuquanshan,Wujiachang,Yaojiaquan,Jianghai,Maqiao and Guangfulin.Although these sites were excavated at different times and the faunal databases had been open to the public to various degrees,we re-analyzed the faunal data of each site respectively and,based on them,unveiled several characteristics regarding animal procurement and exploitation strategies in Shanghai from the Neolithic Age to pre-Qin periods.First,the strategy of animal procurement and exploitation in pre-Qin Shanghai was the result of environmental adaptation.Archaeological sites of the pre-Qin periods were located closer to the coastline than in modern days.It is central to understanding how ancient residents in Shanghai had adapted to the surrounding environment and exploited the local resources.Employing“site catchment analysis,”the surrounding environments which were exploited by ancient residents in Shanghai are categorized into six groups:woods,bushes,wetlands,freshwater bodies,saltwater bodies and human settlements.Animals,such as deer,living in the woods and bushes were most frequently exploited.Highly diverse animal resources were available in wetlands.The hypothesis of the rice-fish farming system in wet paddy fields was partially supported by discoveries of fish and reptile taxa adapted to paddy fields and phytolith results

关 键 词：上海 动物考古 先秦时期 长江下游地区 生计方式 动物资源利用 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]