我国侵权法上用人者责任规则的完善与发展  

Perfection and Development of Rules of Employer Liability of China’s Tort Law

作　　者：程啸[1] Cheng Xiao

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第6期26-39,共14页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“互联网交易制度与民事权利保护研究”(编号:20&ZD192)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《民法典》第1191条与第1192条对用人者责任作出了规定。最高人民法院颁布的《民法典侵权责任编解释(一)》解决了用人者责任中的一些疑难争议问题,对于我国用人者责任法律规则的发展和完善起到了重要推动作用。首先,用人单位责任中的工作人员既包括与用人单位存在劳动关系的工作人员,又包括公务员、参照公务员管理的工作人员、存在劳务关系或聘用关系等其他关系的工作人员,以及个体工商户的员工。其次,用人单位的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害,构成自然人犯罪的,仍然应依法认定用人单位的侵权责任。再次,有过错的劳务派遣单位承担的相应的责任与接受劳务派遣的用工单位的侵权责任之间,有过错的定作人承担的相应的责任与承揽人向被侵权人承担的侵权责任之间,构成所谓部分连带责任的关系。最后,劳务派遣单位与接受劳务派遣的用工单位以及定作人与承揽人可以就追偿的问题进行相应的约定。Articles 1191 and 1192 of China Civil Code(CC)provide regulations regarding employer liability.The Interpretation(I)of the Tort Liability Section of CC,issued by the Supreme People's Court,has resolved several contentious issues related to employer liability and significantly promoted the development and improvement of the legal rules surrounding employer responsibility in China.Firstly,the term"employees"under employer liability not only refers to staff in labor relationships with the employer but also includes civil servants,staff managed under civil servant regulations,personnel in labor or hiring relationships,as well as employees of individual businesses.Secondly,if an employee of an employer causes harm to others while performing work duties and the employee’s actions constitute a criminal offense,the employer may still be held liable for tort damages.Thirdly,in cases involving dispatched labor,if the labor dispatch agency is at fault,its liability is partially joint with that of the receiving employer.Similarly,if a contractor is at fault,its liability is partially joint with the ordering party’s liability towards the injured party.Both labor dispatch agencies and the receiving employer,as well as contractors and ordering parties,may negotiate terms for indemnification.

关 键 词：民法典 侵权责任编 用人单位责任 劳务派遣 定作人责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]