我国“诉讼费用法”立法论纲  

Legislative Outline of China's Litigation Costs Law

作　　者：廖永安 Liao Yongan

机构地区：[1]湖南警察学院 [2]湘潭大学法学学部

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第6期51-59,共9页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：诉讼费用在我国长期被视为国家行政规费而由行政法规调整,这种思路混淆了司法作为国家公共服务的特殊性。诉讼费用制度是诉讼制度的重要组成部分,直接关系到诉讼法运行之效果。随着我国经济社会形势的发展,已经实施17年有余的现行《诉讼费用交纳办法》严重滞后于人民法院审判执行工作实践的新发展,成为全面推进依法治国的短板。为深化诉讼费用制度改革,建议推动全国人大及其常委会制定“诉讼费用法”,以法律形式呈现体系化的诉讼费用规则,发挥其保障诉权、抑制滥诉和实现实质正义的价值与功能。在立法体例上,建议采用总则、分则的形式,总则部分需重新界定诉讼费用之“补偿性”的性质定位;分则部分需涵盖诉讼费用的范围、收费标准、负担规则、交纳与退还、管理以及救助等主要内容。The litigation costs have long been regarded as administrative fees of the state and regulated by administrative regulations in China.Such an approach confuses the particularity of the judiciary as a national public service.The litigation cost system is an important component of the litigation system and directly relates to the operation effect of litigation laws.With the development of China’s economic and social situation,the current“Measures for Paying Litigation Costs”,which has been implemented for more than 17 years,lags far behind the new developments in the trial and enforcement practices of people’s courts,becoming a weak link in comprehensively advancing law-based governance.To deepen the reform of the litigation cost system,it is proposed to promote the formulation of the“Litigation Costs Law”by the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee,presenting systematic litigation cost rules in legal form and exerting its values and functions of safeguarding litigation rights,curbing abusive litigation,and achieving substantive justice.In terms of the legislative style,it is recommended to adopt the form of general provisions and specific provisions.The general provisions part needs to redefine the“compensatory”nature and positioning of litigation costs;the specific provisions part needs to cover the main contents such as the scope of litigation costs,charging standards,burden rules,payment and refund,management,and assistance.

关 键 词：诉讼费用 制度改革 抑制滥诉 立法 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]