诉讼费用“胜诉退费”规则的反思与重构  

Rethinking and Restructuring on the Rule of“Refund of Litigation Costs for Successful Party”

作　　者：段明[1] Duan Ming

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学学部

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第6期70-79,共10页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金青年项目“比例原则在民事强制执行中的适用研究”(编号:23CFX012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《诉讼费用交纳办法》《民诉法司法解释》均对“胜诉退费”作出规定,法院在裁判文书生效后应及时向胜诉原告退还其预交但不应负担的诉讼费用。然而实证调研发现,法律规定的“胜诉退费”规则在实践中却呈现“积极执行”与“消极执行”两种样态,部分地区已经基本解决“胜诉退费难”问题,而有的地区仍然存在执行力度不一、退费流程繁琐、退费保障不足等退费难题。积极执行“胜诉退费”规则,在满足胜诉当事人利益期待的同时,也引发了法院司法负担增加、执行不能引发国有资产流失、当事人诉讼成本不当转嫁等新难题。为此,应从有效平衡国家与当事人在诉讼中的成本与风险分担出发,对“胜诉退费”规则进行理性改造,从而发挥诉讼费用的应有功能。Both the Measures for the Payment of Litigation Costs and the Judicial Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law stipulate the"refund of litigation costs for successful party".Courts should promptly refund the litigation costs that have been prepaid but should not be borne by the winning plaintiff after the judgment document takes effect.However,empirical research has found that the"refund of litigation costs for successful cases"rule stipulated by law presents two forms of implementation in practice:"active implementation"and"passive implementation".Some regions have basically solved the problem of difficulty in the refunding of litigation costs for successful party,while others still face challenges such as inconsistent enforcement,cumbersome refund procedures,and insufficient refund guarantees.Actively implementing the"refund of litigation costs for successful party"rule,while meeting the expectations of the interests of the winning party,also leads to new challenges such as increased judicial burden on the court,loss of state-owned assets due to enforcement failure,and improper transfer of litigation costs to the parties.Therefore,starting from effectively balancing the cost and risk sharing between the stat e and the parties in litigation,we should rationally reform the"refund of litigation costs for successful party"rule,so as to give full play to the proper function of litigation costs.

关 键 词：胜诉退费 执行不能 司法成本 风险分担 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]