我国地震巨灾保险试点实践对比研究  

Comparison Study for Pilots of China Earthquake Catastrophe Insurance

作　　者：熊政辉 曲哲[2] 宁超列[4,5] 卜春尧 尹建明 薄涛 XIONG Zhenghui;QU Zhe;NING ChaoLie;BU Chunyao;YIN Jianming;BO Tao(Postdoctoral Workstation of China Reinsurance(Group)Corporation,Beijing 100033,China;Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Unicom Digital Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100032,China;College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 20009,China;State Key Labo-ratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,Shanghai 200092,China;Guoren Property and Casualty Insurance Co.,Ltd.Shenzhen Branch,Shenzhen 518000,China;China Re Catastrophe Risk Management Co,Ltd,Beijing 100033,china;Beijing Earthquake Agency,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国再保险(集团)股份有限公司博士后工作站,北京100033 [2]中国地震局工程力学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]联通数字科技有限公司,北京100032 [4]同济大学土木工程学院,上海200092 [5]土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海200092 [6]国任财产保险股份有限公司深圳分公司,深圳518000 [7]中再巨灾风险管理股份有限公司,重庆400025 [8]北京市地震局,北京100080

出　　处：《灾害学》2025年第1期48-52,159,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目“主余震序列作用下的群体建筑地震巨灾风险模型及保险损失研究”(52361135804);国家重点研发计划“地震保险损失评估模型及应用研究”(2018YFC1504600);北京市地震局科技项目青年专项“面向地震巨灾保险的超大城市房屋建筑分类耦合方法研究”;联通集团2023年核心技术攻关项目“面向城市治理的多维仿真推演关键技术与平台研发项目”。

摘　　要：地震巨灾保险市场机制在灾害风险防范、损失补偿和恢复重建等方面具有积极作用。该文通过梳理我国2015年以来推广城乡居民地震巨灾保险试点模式和实践情况,总结了全国性、云南和四川的地震巨灾保险方案(全国地震共保体方案),对比了各方案中的保险标的、保险责任、保险金额、赔付标准、保费来源和损失分担等内容。结果表明,除云南采用以震级为触发机制的地震指数保险外,其他地区均基于全国共保体方案调整,探索建立了适用于当地的地震巨灾保险模式。然而,我国地震巨灾保险制度建设目前仍处于发展阶段,面临政策、法规和技术挑战,建议借鉴国际经验,结合国内实践,推动适合中国的地震巨灾保险方案。Market mechanisms of earthquake catastrophe insurance play a positive role in disaster risk prevention,loss rural residents since 2015,conducted pilot projects in many provinces,and accumulated rich experience in earthquake insurance practices.By reviewing the pilot models of the Earthquake Catastrophe Insurance in China and their complementation in the recent years,the domestic earthquake catastrophe insurance scheme for urban and rural residential buildings(that is,the National Earthquake Insurance Pooling Scheme),the Yunnan Scheme and the Sichuan Scheme are summarized to analyze and compare the insurance subject,coverage,premium,compensation standards,premium source and loss sharing of all schemes above.The results indicate that beside the Earthquake Index Insurance of Yunnan whose claims are determined by the magnitude,the rest of pilots are developed based on the National Earthquake Co-insurance,which have been adjusted and explored in combination with local seismic risk and economic development to develop the scheme of earthquake catastrophe insurance applicable for that area.However,Earthquake Catastrophe Insurance in China is still developing,and there are some limitations in policy and technology.Therefore,it is an urgent need to learn from the mature earthquake catastrophe insurance models abroad,and combine them with the results of existing pilots,for further promoting earthquake catastrophe insurance program in China with domestic characteristics and wide applicability.

关 键 词：地震风险 巨灾保险 实践经验 方案对比 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5[经济管理—保险] F840.64