淤地坝溃坝风险性评估综述  

A Review on the Risk Assessment of the Check Dam Break

作　　者：黄波 张耀南 HUANG Bo;ZHANG Yaonan(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 1000493,China;National Cryosphere Desert Data Center,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Provincial Science Data Center,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州甘肃730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京1000493 [3]国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心,兰州甘肃730000 [4]甘肃省科学数据总中心,兰州甘肃730000

出　　处：《灾害学》2025年第1期123-128,134,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“冰冻圈大数据挖掘分析关键技术及应用”(2022YFF0711700);高分专项项目“高分专项丝绸之路沿线寒旱区典型灾害应急服务产业化示范”(92-Y50G35-9001-22/33)。

摘　　要：淤地坝作为一种关键的防灾减灾设施,对于粮食生产、水资源保持和洪水控制等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。上世纪六七十年代修建的大部分淤地坝面临淤满失效问题,突发的暴雨、地震等自然灾害将极大概率引起溃决,从而导致引发更为严重的次生灾害。该文通过梳理黄土高原淤地坝溃坝风险性评价文献,总结了现有淤地坝溃坝风险性评价方法。结果表明,传统淤地坝风险性评价方法对影响因素数据的依赖程度很高;选取评价因子及其权重赋予存在较强的主观经验性;缺乏大范围的风险评估。因此,该文建议整合数据驱动模型的研究思路,利用多源数据,区域尺度上开展淤地坝溃坝风险性评价,为相关部门提供更可靠的决策支持,及具有提高防灾减灾能力实践意义。The check dam plays a crucial role in grain production,water storage and flood control,serving as an important strategy for disaster prevention and mitigation.However,most of check dams constructed in the 1960s and 1970s are now facing issues of silting and inefficiency.Sudden natural disasters such as heavy rainfall and earthquakes could pose a significant risk of dam failure,leading to the occurrence of other disasters.By sorting literature on the risk assessment of check dams failures on the Loess Plateau,the methods used for evaluating the risk of check dams break are summarized.The results indicate that traditional risk assessment methods for check dams heavily rely on influencing factor data,exhibit a strong subjective and empirical nature in selecting evaluation factors and assigning weights,and lack extensive risk assessment.Therefore,we suggest integrating a research approach driven by data models,utilizing multiple data sources to conduct a regional-scale risk assessment for check dams failures.This would provide relevant departments with more reliable decision-making support and hold significant importance for disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.

关 键 词：淤地坝 溃坝 数据工程 风险性评价 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5