喜马拉雅山区中国西藏与尼泊尔的地质灾害灾情差异研究  

Landslide Disasters in the Himalayan Region:A Comparative Study of Situations in Xizang,China and Nepal

作　　者：兰思辰 邵丽竹 肖怡晴 郑相宜 王瑛 LAN Sichen;SHAO Lizhu;XIAO Yiqing;ZHENG Xiangyi;WANG Ying(Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management,Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《灾害学》2025年第1期187-193,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务“综合灾害风险评价与防御”(2019QZKK0906)。

摘　　要：喜马拉雅山区是全球地质灾害最为多发的地区之一。其北侧的中国西藏地区与南侧的尼泊尔在地质灾害的灾情及其成因上存在显著差异。该研究选取这两个地区作为案例,对比分析了2012—2021年间的地质灾害情况。尼泊尔记录了2256次地质灾害,远高于我国西藏地区的799次;同时,尼泊尔的人员伤亡也更为严重,两地年均每百万人的伤亡率分别为8.1人和2人;尼泊尔的年均因灾经济损失远低于西藏,两地地质灾害损失占GDP比例分别为0.006%、0.07%。尼泊尔近年来地质灾害次数的增加与道路建设密切相关,年均道路里程增加1036km,且37%的伤亡案例发生在道路沿线。研究结果表明,尼泊尔和中国在地质灾害防治措施上均有所加强,并已取得显著的减灾效果。The Himalayan region is one of the most landslide-prone areas in the world.We take Xizang in China on the northern side of the Himalayas and Nepal on the southern side as examples to compare the differences in landslide disasters and their causes.From 2012-2021,Nepal experienced a total of 2256 landslides,considerably higher than the 799 in Xizang,China.The casualties were also significantly higher than those in Xizang,with an average annual casualty rates per million people being 8.1 and 2,respectively,in Nepal and Xizang.Nepal’s average annual economic losses from landslides were much lower compared with Xizang’s,accounting for 0.006%and 0.07%of their respective GDPs.In recent years,road construction has greatly contributed to the increased number of landslides in Nepal,with an annual increase of 1036km in road length;more than 37%of incidents involving casualties occurred along the roadsides.The research findings indicate that both Nepal and China have been strengthening measures for landslide prevention and management,achieving relatively good disaster reduction results.

关 键 词：地质灾害 灾情差异 喜马拉雅 中国西藏 尼泊尔 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5