新中国成立75年我国职业教育宏观治理变迁--基于职业教育政策(1949-2024年)的分析  

The Macro-governance Changes of Vocational Education in China on the 75th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China:Based on the Analysis of Vocational Education Policies

作　　者：孙涛 邵长兰[1] 邓三鹏[1] 向桢 Sun Tao;Shao Changlan;Deng Sanpeng;Xiang Zhen(Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;Sichuan Polytechnic University,Deyang 618000,China;Sichuan Vocational College Chemical Technology,Luzhou 646300,China)

机构地区：[1]天津职业技术师范大学,天津300222 [2]四川工程职业技术大学,四川德阳618000 [3]四川化工职业技术学院,四川泸州646300

出　　处：《职教论坛》2024年第12期14-22,共9页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“数智时代职业本科学校内部治理体系构建和智治策略研究”(编号:24YJA880053),主持人:孙涛。

摘　　要：职业教育宏观治理政策是促进我国职业教育宏观治理能力转型的“晴雨表”。以1949—2024年国家出台的187份政策文本为样本,借助NVivo和Ucinet 6软件,运用注意力配置与政策网络分析理论对这些政策文件的主题内容、发布主体特征、执行力度及工具选择倾向进行实证分析。研究显示,我国职业教育宏观治理变迁历经四个阶段:单一权威“直接管理”的初创阶段(1949—1978年),由“直接管控”向“管理”转变的调整阶段(1978—1996年),以“管理”为主的深改阶段(1996—2010年),由“管理”向“治理”转型的提质阶段(2010—2024年)。问题导向是职业教育宏观治理政策变迁的触发机制,治理理念是其内容取向的“指南针”,政策系统是其最直接的影响因素。未来可从统筹规划注重“战略布局”、综合协调建构“元治理结构”、宏观管理迈向“制度建设”来提升我国职业教育宏观治理能力,为职业教育治理体系和治理能力现代化夯基筑垒。The macro-governance policy of vocational education is a barometer for promoting the transformation of macro-governance capacity in vocational education in China.Using 181 policy documents issued by the state from 1949 to 2023 as samples,with the help of NVivo and Ucinet 6 software,this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the thematic content,characteristics of the issuing body,intensity,and tool selection tendency of policy documents using attention and allocation policy network analysis theory.Research shows that the macro governance changes of vocational education in China have gone through four stages.These four stages include the initial stage of direct management by a single authority from 1949 to 1978,the adjustment stage of transition from direct control to management from 1978 to 1996,the deep reform stage of management as the main focus from 1996 to 2010,and the quality improvement stage of transition from management to governance from 2010 to 2023.Problem orientation is the trigger mechanism for the macro-governance policy changes in vocational education.The governance concept is the compass for its content orientation,and the policy system is its most direct influencing factor.In the future,we can enhance the macro governance capacity of vocational education in China by focusing on strategic layout through overall planning,constructing a meta-governance structure through comprehensive coordination.This approach will move towards institutional construction through macro management,laying a solid foundation for the modernization of vocational education governance system and governance capacity.

关 键 词：职业教育宏观治理 政策变迁 演变机理 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]