不同施肥水平对胡萝卜生长发育的影响  

Effects of different fertilization levels on growth and development of carrot

作　　者：张倩 孔小平 齐晓雨 ZHANG Qian;KONG Xiao-ping;QI Xiao-yu(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016;Vegetable Technical Service Center of Xining,Qinghai Province,Xining Qinghai 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省西宁市蔬菜技术服务中心,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第11期98-106,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：西宁地方优势蔬菜种质创新与开发利用(2021-Z-03);基于全基因组关联分析的胡萝卜耐抽墓性状QTL解析(2021-ZJ-930);青藏高原冷凉蔬菜产业技术协同创新中心(2022-Z-02)。

摘　　要：探明氮、磷、钾配施对胡萝卜生长发育的影响,为胡萝卜规范化施肥提供科学依据。以胡萝卜‘焰红2号’为试材,采用“3414”设计进行田间试验,测定其胡萝卜植物学性状和营养品质,根据不同施肥水平联合分析胡萝卜氮、磷、钾的需肥规律,应用隶属函数综合评价出胡萝卜氮、磷、钾的最佳施用量。结果表明,合理的施肥量能够促进胡萝卜的根长、根重、根粗等植物学性状和SPAD、净光合速率等光合性状以及总酚、总黄酮、维生素A等营养品质性状。通过产量的施肥依存度表明,氮、磷、钾对胡萝卜的影响表现为氮>磷>钾;其SPAD值在N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)处理下叶绿素含量最高,净光合速率在N3水平达到最高值,为CO_(2)19.2μmol/(m^(2)·s),N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)水平下的含水量、总酚含量、维生素A含量都达到最高,N_(1)P_(1)K_(2)水平下可溶性糖含量最高,为38.15 mg/g;可溶性蛋白含量和总黄酮含量均在N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)水平下达到最高值,分别为7.64和304.16 mg/g。从植物学性状、光合特性和品质性状3个方面分析,并结合相关性分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价。综合考虑对胡萝卜品质影响较大的有株高、根重、总酚、总黄酮、维生素A等性状,由此表明产量和品质在生产实践中占据着重要的位置。应用隶属函数综合评价出N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)综合性状表现突出,综合排名第一,其氮、磷、钾的配比为N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=60∶82:75。The research aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium combined application on the growth and development of carrot,and provide scientific basis for standardized carrot fertilization.Using“3414”design,field experiments were carried out to determine the botanical characteristics and nutritional quality of carrot‘Yanhong 2’.According to different fertilization levels,the fertilizer requirements of carrot nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)were analyzed,and the optimal application amount of N,P and K for carrot was evaluated by membership function.The results showed that the appropriate fertilizer application rate could promote the botanical characters of carrot such as root length,root weight and root roughness,the photosynthetic characters of SPAD,net photosynthetic rate and the quality characters of total phenol,total flavonoid and vitamin A.The effect of N,P and K on carrot yield was N>P>K.Under N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)treatment,the highest SPAD value was chlorophyll content,the highest net photosynthetic rate was CO_(2)19.2μmol/(m^(2)·s)at N3 level,the highest water content,total phenol content and vitamin A content were reached at N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)level,and the highest soluble sugar content was 38.15 mg/g at N_(1)P_(1)K_(2)level.The highest values of soluble protein content and total flavone content were 7.64 and 304.16 mg/g,respectively,at N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)level.The botanical characters,photosynthetic characters and quality characters were analyzed and evaluated by correlation analysis and membership function method.The characteristics of plant height,root weight,total phenol,total flavone and vitamin A,which had great influence on carrot quality,were considered comprehensively,which showed that yield and quality occupied an important position in production practice.The comprehensive properties of N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)were evaluated by membership function,and the ratio of N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)was N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=60∶82∶75.

关 键 词：胡萝卜 氮磷钾配施 产量 营养品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S631.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]