2016—2023年哈尔滨市香坊区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态调查  

Investigation of vision and refractive status of preschool children in Xiangfang District of Harbin City from 2016 to 2023

作　　者：李悦[1] 樊晓瑞[2] 王佳娣[2] 姚靖[2] LI Yue;FAN Xiaorui;WANG Jiadi;YAO Jing(Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang Province,China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第12期1572-1576,1583,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(项目编号:CI2022C001);黑龙江省中医药管理局课题(项目编号:ZHY2022-144)。

摘　　要：目的了解和分析2016—2023年哈尔滨市香坊区学龄前儿童的屈光状态,为儿童屈光不正的防控提供依据。方法2016—2023年采用整群随机抽样对哈尔滨市香坊区13所幼儿园3~6岁学龄前儿童进行基本信息收集、裸眼远视力和台式自动电脑验光屈光度检测。使用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料组间比较和趋势分析采用χ^(2)检验,计量资料组间比较采用方差分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果共有6809名儿童参加视力检查,筛查出视力低常者785人(11.53%),3~6岁视力低常率分别为13.83%、10.92%、5.06%和22.58%;共有8714名儿童参加屈光度检查,筛查出近视642人(7.37%)、远视41人(0.47%)、散光367人(4.21%)、屈光参差725人(8.32%)和远视储备不足5858人(67.23%)。结论哈尔滨市香坊区学龄前儿童视力低常及屈光不正患病率较高,呈现低龄高发趋势。应定期实施学龄前儿童眼健康筛查,建立屈光档案,给予个性化宣教指导,以利于低常视力及屈光不正相关眼病的早发现、早诊治。Objective To understand and analyze the refractive status of preschool children in Xiangfang District of Harbin City from 2016 to 2023,and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of refractive errors in children.Methods A cluster random sampling approach was utilized to collect basic information,uncorrected distance visual acuity,and refractive power data through desktop automatic computer optometry from preschool children aged 3-6 years in 13 kindergartens located in Xiangfang District,Harbin.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0,the comparison of count data between groups and trend analysis were performed using the chi-square test,while the comparison of measurement data between groups was performed using analysis of variance,with the test levelα=0.05.Results A total of 6809 children participated in visual acuity examinations,among whom 785(11.53%)were identified with low vision.The prevalence rates of low vision among 3-6 year-olds were 13.83%,10.92%,5.06%,and 22.58%,respectively.A total of 8714 children participated in refraction examinations,identifying 642(7.37%)with myopia,41(0.47%)with hyperopia,367(4.21%)with astigmatism,725(8.32%)with anisometropia,and 5858(67.23%)with insufficient hyperopic reserve.Conclusions The prevalence of suboptimal vision and refractive errors among preschool children in Xiangfang District of Harbin is significantly high,demonstrating a tendency of low age and high incidence.To address this issue,it is crucial to implement regular eye health screenings for preschool children,establish individualized refractive profiles,and offer personalized educational guidance,so that to facilitate the early detection,early diagnosis and treatment of low normal vision and related refractive eye disorders.

关 键 词：低常视力 屈光不正 患病率 学龄前儿童 

分 类 号：R778.2[医药卫生—眼科]