中国式现代化道路的早期探索与追求——以马克思“跨越资本主义卡夫丁峡谷”理论在中国的早期传播为中心  

Early Exploration and Pursuit of Chinese Path to Modernization:Centered around the Early Dissemination of Marx’s Theory of Crossing the Caudine Forks of Capitalism in China

作　　者：曾荣 ZENG Rong

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第1期5-14,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“延安时期中国共产党对外话语体系构建研究”(23ADJ007);广东省社会科学规划2023年度特别委托项目“当代国家认同的中国特色研究”(GD23WTC05)。

摘　　要：马克思“跨越资本主义卡夫丁峡谷”理论伴随着俄国十月革命的胜利进入中国,中国知识人士围绕“中国实行社会主义可不经过资本主义阶级乎”“中国到自由之路”等议题,掀起了富有学理性和实践指导意义的争论,由此对“跨越”理论进行了初步体认和考察。随着1921年前后罗素访华所作“中国到自由之路”的演讲产生广泛影响,李达、陈望道、袁振英等早期共产主义者以《新青年》杂志为话语阵地,结合中国革命和社会的实际情形,对列宁、日本学者山川均关于“跨越”理论的阐述作了对比考察,开启了对中国步入现代化道路问题的深入探索。在此过程中,早期共产主义者、民主革命家、无政府主义者等各派人士基于对现代化道路的向往,相互之间进行了富有学理性的对话,逐渐形成观点对立的两个阵营,这不仅推动了马克思主义大众化,而且为早期共产主义者开展以社会革命为主要内容的阶级斗争、实行无产阶级专政以及创建一个马克思主义政党等革命行动提供了理论指导。马克思“跨越资本主义卡夫丁峡谷”理论在中国的早期传播,反映了早期共产主义者对中国式现代化道路的探索与追求,揭示其从初步考察到深入探索,再到不断升华的演进历程与基本逻辑,对于当前奋进新征程具有启示意义。Marx’s theory of crossing the Caudine Forks of capitalism entered China with the victory of the October Revolution in Russia.Chinese intellectuals have sparked a debate on topics such as whether China can implement socialism without going through the capitalist stage and the path to freedom,which is rich in academic rationality and practical guidance.This has led to a preliminary understanding and examination of Marx’s theory of crossing the Caudine Forks of capitalism.With the widespread influence of Russell’s speeches during his visit to China around 1921,early communists such as Li Da,Chen Wangdao,and Yuan Zhenying used the magazine New Youth as a platform for discourse expression.They conducted a comparative examination of Lenin and Japanese scholar Yamakawa’s exposition on Marx’s theory of crossing the Caudine Forks of capitalism,which based on the specific practical situation of the Chinese revolution and society,thus opening up an in-depth exploration of China’s entry into the path of modernization.During this process,early communists,democratic revolutionaries,anarchists,and other factions engaged in a scholarly dialogue based on their aspirations for modernization,gradually forming two opposing camps.This not only promoted the popularization of Marxism,but also provided theoretical guidance for early communists to carry out revolutionary actions such as class struggle with social revolution as the main content,implement proletarian dictatorship,and create a Marxist political party.The early spread of Marx’s theory of crossing the Caudine Forks of capitalism in China reflects the early communists’exploration and pursuit of the modernization of Chinese-Style Road,and reveals its evolution process and basic logic from preliminary investigation to in-depth exploration,and then to continuous sublimation,which has enlightenment significance for the current new journey.

关 键 词：马克思主义 无政府主义 中国式现代化道路 资本主义卡夫丁峡谷 社会革命 

分 类 号：B27[哲学宗教—中国哲学]