作为“特别之精神”的国学——论邓实、黄节国学观、现代意识及其对传统的诠释  

National Studies as a“Special Spirit”—on Deng Shi and Huang Jie’s Views on National Studies,Modern Consciousness and Their Interpretation of Tradition

作　　者：李辰 LI Chen

机构地区：[1]深圳大学哲学系,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第1期136-150,共15页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：深圳市哲学社会科学规划一般项目“晚清哲学与近代广东学派研究”(SZ2022B006);深圳大学高水平大学三期建设项目“《读书堂集》整理和研究”。

摘　　要：梳理邓实、黄节现代意识的来源,探讨其国学观形成的基础,提出邓实、黄节对传统学术的论说,虽然受到社会演化论及近代日本的影响,但在民德与民智关系的论说上,明显区别于福泽谕吉《文明论概略》中对儒家伦理观念的激进批判态度。邓实、黄节运用民族主义话语与国学框架对传统学术的论说与诠释,并非要走向极端保守主义和民粹主义,而是在传统与现代之间,基于世界主义和对人类普遍精神的体察,提出一套改造国民思想、融粹中西学术的思想方案。如邓实提出反思中西“行法者之心”时,即能注意到西方政治思想中的普世价值如“平等”“自由”等思想观念对中国政治传统进行更新转型的促进作用,也对近代以来,西方糅合社会进化理论和种族学说强势压迫中国的实际状况有着深切体察。而黄节称“国粹”为“特别之精神”“独立之思想”,则欲从学术层面探讨国粹作为一种学问从何展开的问题。首先,作为一种国家思想和国家精神的代表,“国粹”需要一个主权独立的国家作为其存在的客观的条件;其次,基于社会演化论的视角,作为思想和精神的“粹”,具有演进、转换的特质,当“国粹”作为一种“人人所欲”之“精神”时,可以从一种本国人民所具有之思想扩大为人类文明共有之普遍思想,而如果一个国家无法为国粹提供“保护”和“发达”的基础条件,“国粹”就有丢失和转嫁他国的风险。就此而言,国家与国粹之间存在一种基础性的互生关系,此即“无国不可以有国粹,无国粹亦不可立国家”。This article attempts to sort out the origins of Deng Shi and Huang Jie’s modern consciousness,and explores the foundation of their views on traditional Chinese learning.The article posits that while Deng Shi and Huang Jie’s discourse on traditional scholarship is influenced by social evolution theory and modern Japan,they noticeably differ from Fukuzawa Yukichi’s radical critique of Confucian ethical concepts in“An Outline of a Theory of Civilization”in terms of the relationship between people’s virtues and wisdom.Deng Shi and Huang Jie use nationalist discourse and a framework of Chinese learning to discuss and interpret traditional scholarship.They are not aim is not to veer towards extreme conservatism or populism,but to propose a set of ideas to transform national thinking and fuse the essence of Chinese and Western academic thought,based on cosmopolitanism and a universal understanding of human spirit.For example,when Deng Shi proposes reflecting on the“mind of those who govern”in both Chinese and Western contexts,he is able to recognize the transformative role of universal values such as“equality”and“freedom”from Western political thought in updating and transforming China’s political tradition.Huang Jie refers to“essence of the nation”as a“particular spirit”and“independent thought”,aiming to explore the question of how the essence of the nation unfolds as a form of scholarship primarily at the academic level.Firstly,as a representative of national ideology and spirit,the“essence of the nation”requires an independent national sovereignty as an objective condition for its existence.Secondly,from the perspective of social evolution theory,as the“essence”of thought and spirit,it possesses the characteristics of evolution and transformation.When the“essence of the nation”becomes a“spirit”desired by everyone,it can evolve from an idea possessed by one's own people into a universal idea shared by human civilization.If a country cannot provide the basis for“

关 键 词：国学 国家 道德 精神 传统 现代性 

分 类 号：B25[哲学宗教—中国哲学]