模拟微环境的肿瘤类器官在肿瘤免疫治疗基础和临床研究中的应用  

Application of tumor organoids simulating the tumor microenvironment in basic and clinical research of tumor immunotherapy

作　　者：李艺正 廖伟华[2] 孙仑泉[1] LI Yizheng;LIAO Weihua;SUN Lunquan(Cancer Center,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular RadiationOncology,International Cooperation Base in Science and Technology for Cancer Precision Medicine,NationalClinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Changsha 410008;Department of Radiology,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410008,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院肿瘤医学中心,分子放射肿瘤学湖南省重点实验室,肿瘤精准医疗湖南省国际科技创新合作基地,国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心(湘雅医院),长沙410008 [2]中南大学湘雅医院放射科,长沙410008

出　　处：《中南大学学报（医学版）》2024年第8期1316-1326,共11页Journal of Central South University ：Medical Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(82030087);国家生物药技术创新中心“揭榜挂帅”技术攻关项目(NCTIB2022HS02007);湖南省自然科学基金重大项目(2021JC0002)。

摘　　要：免疫治疗为抗肿瘤治疗带来了突破性进展,但肿瘤免疫治疗仍存在受益人群比例低、缺乏有效的治疗反应预测平台等临床关注的重要问题,类器官技术为此提供了一种新的解决方案。类器官是一种具有特定结构的三维组织培养物,通常来源于成体干细胞或多能干细胞,能够高度模拟原生器官的结构和生物学特性,尤其在模拟肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)上显示出了巨大潜力。肿瘤类器官可通过保留各种免疫细胞在内的内源性基质成分,或者通过添加免疫细胞、癌症相关成纤维细胞等策略,有效地模拟TME,为免疫治疗效果的预测、过继细胞治疗的评价和个体化治疗患者的选择提供了新的平台。总结模拟微环境的肿瘤类器官的构建策略,了解其在免疫治疗基础研究和临床应用中的进展,将会为肿瘤免疫治疗的发展提供新思路。Immunotherapy has led to groundbreaking advances in anti-tumor treatment,yet significant clinical challenges remain such as the low proportion of beneficiaries and the lack of effective platforms for predicting therapeutic response.Organoid technology provides a novel solution to these issues.Organoids are three-dimensional tissue cultures derived from adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells that closely replicate the structural and biological characteristics of native organs,demonstrating particularly strong potential in modeling the tumor microenvironment(TME).Tumor organoids can simulate TME effectively by retaining endogenous matrix components,including various immune cells,or by adding immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,and other components.This provides a novel platform for predicting immunotherapy outcomes,evaluating adoptive cell therapies,and selecting personalized treatment options for patients.Summarizing strategies for constructing tumor organoids that simulate the microenvironment and understanding their advancements in immunotherapy research and clinical application can provide new insights for the development of tumor immunotherapy.

关 键 词：肿瘤类器官 肿瘤微环境 免疫治疗 肿瘤免疫学 

分 类 号：R730.51[医药卫生—肿瘤]