乡村振兴中的市场、企业与政府——基于种植文化的理论假说及其检验  

Market,Enterprise,and Government in Rural Revitalization:A Theoretical Hypothesis on Cultivating Culture and Its Verification

作　　者：罗必良[1] 程国强 耿鹏鹏 LUO Bi-liang;CHENG Guo-qiang;GENG Peng-peng

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学 [2]中国人民大学 [3]安徽农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《改革》2024年第12期110-126,共17页Reform

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴战略实施中政府与市场的关系及其协调研究”(71933004);广东人文社科重点实验室“农业农村政策与改革创新实验室”重点项目。

摘　　要：全面推进乡村振兴必须深刻理解地域文化传统及其决定机理。集体主义和个人主义的文化基因形塑着不同的交易秩序、要素配置方式及增长实现路径。与“稻米理论”不同,中国南方的稻作种植传统隐含着双重文化基因及交易意蕴,一方面表达为因灌溉系统修葺所形成的对内合作基因和短半径交易,另一方面表达为因灌溉水源竞争所催生的对外竞争信念和市场化交易,由此奠定的家族企业文化土壤,成为中国经济增长南北“大分异”的重要文化根源。使用中国县域面板数据的估计结果显示,水稻种植区的家族企业发展更好,且稻作区有着更好的创业氛围。机理分析表明,灌溉水源竞争会强化稻作区的市场拓展,降水不充分、水网密度稀疏和旱灾所加剧的水源竞争,能够激发稻作区的竞争参与和市场发育。进一步的证据表明,政府干预会抑制稻作文化中的创新性,但政府的有为参与和政策包容能够激励创业活动和市场拓展。全面推进乡村振兴,政府应有效激活商业文化基因,保护私人产权,捍卫市场秩序,维护公平竞争,弘扬企业家精神。To fully promote rural revitalization,it is essential to deeply understand the cultural traditions and determinants of different regions.The cultural genes of collectivism and individualism shape different transaction orders,allocation mechanisms,and growth pathways.Unlike the"rice theory",this paper argues that the rice cultivation tradition in southern China contains dual cultural genes and transaction implications,expressing itself as inward cooperation genes and short-radius transactions due to the repair of irrigation systems,and outward competitive beliefs and market transactions due to the competition for irrigation water sources.The cultural soil thus established has become an important cultural root of the north-south economic growth"great divergence"in China.The estimation results using Chinese county panel data show that family enterprises in rice-growing areas develop better,and rice-growing counties have better entrepreneurial atmosphere.The mechanism analysis shows that water source competition in rice-growing areas can strengthen market expansion,while the intensified water source competition due to insufficient precipitation,sparse water network,and drought can stimulate market development in rice-growing areas.Further evidence shows that government intervention can suppress innovative elements in rice-cultivation culture,but government proactive participation and policy support can stimulate entrepreneurial activities and market expansion.The article emphasizes that the important responsibilities of the government in fully promoting rural revitalization should be to effectively activate commercial cultural genes,protect private property rights,uphold market order,maintain fair competition,and promote entrepreneurial spirit.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 水稻种植 水源竞争 家族企业 政府作用 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]