高压泡沫涨裂破岩特性试验研究  

Experimental study on characteristics of rock fracturing by high-pressure foam

作　　者：刘送永[1,2] 崔松 顾聪聪 LIU Songyong;CUI Song;GU Congcong(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mining Equipment Technology,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学机电工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学智能采矿装备技术全国重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [3]安徽理工大学机电工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2025年第1期125-134,共10页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51975570);江苏省杰出青年基金项目(BK20211531)。

摘　　要：针对钻爆法和机械法在岩石破碎工程中的弊端,基于泡沫的高黏性和可压缩性,提出了高压泡沫涨裂破岩技术。首先设计高压泡沫涨裂破岩装置,理论分析高压泡沫瞬间释放冲击岩石涨裂孔过程,搭建高压泡沫涨裂力测试装置并开展涨裂力影响试验,建立高压泡沫涨裂破岩试验系统,探讨不同空气体积分数时的泡沫涨裂特性,揭示高压泡沫涨裂破岩机理。研究表明:高压泡沫释放时,能够在涨裂孔内产生比泡沫初始压力更高的涨裂力,但涨裂力随泡沫空气体积分数增加而先增大后减小,高压泡沫涨裂破岩经历了裂纹初生、裂纹扩展、涨裂抛掷、涨裂结束4个阶段,破岩重量随泡沫空气体积分数的增加而先增大后减小,当空气体积分数为60%时,由高压泡沫冲击涨裂孔产生的压应力波在岩石上表面反射形成的拉应力造成岩石破坏形式为涨裂坑,空气体积分数为70%~90%时,泡沫涨裂形式为大块岩石分离,这主要是由孔底直角处应力集中效应造成。In view of the shortcomings of the drilling and blasting method and the mechanical method in rock breaking engineering,based on the high viscosity and compressibility of foam,the rock-fracturing technology by high-pressure foam is proposed.Firstly,the rock fracturing devices by high-pressure foam are designed,the process of high-pressure foam instantaneous release to boreholes is theoretically analyzed,and then the testing devices for rock fracturing force by high-pressure foam are built and the relevant experiments are carried out.By using the developed experimental system of rock fracturing by high-pressure foam,the foam-fracturing characteristics with different air volume fractions are investigated,and the mechanism of high-pressure foam fracturing is revealed.The results show that when it is released,the high-pressure foam can produce a higher fracturing force than the initial foam pressure,but the fracturing force increases and then decreases with the increase of the air volume fraction of foam.The high-pressure foam fracturing goes through four stages of crack initiation,crack expansion,crack separation and end of cracking.The rock-breaking weight increases and then decreases with the increase of air volume fraction.When the air volume fraction is 60%,the rock-breaking form is blasting crater,which is mainly caused by the tensile stress generated by the compressive stress waves reflected on the rock upper surface.When the air volume fraction is 70%~90%,the rock-breaking form is stripped large stones,which is mainly caused by the effects of the stress concentration at the bottom of boreholes.

关 键 词：高压泡沫 涨裂破岩 裂纹扩展 涨裂力 

分 类 号：TU452[建筑科学—岩土工程] TD42[建筑科学—土工工程]