隐忧与应对:透明度原则下的AIGC信息披露义务  

Concerns and Responses:AIGC's Information Disclosure Obligations under the Principle of Transparency

作　　者：邵子杰 Shao Zijie

机构地区：[1]广东省清远英德市人民检察院,广东英德513000

出　　处：《南海法学》2024年第6期101-113,共13页The South China Sea Law Journal

摘　　要：AIGC与人类创作内容高度相似,易产生侵害私主体权益、影响公共安全甚至损害国家利益的伴生风险。究其原因,是生成内容没有披露AI生成情况的标识,导致公众误认。透明度原则可消弭公众与AIGC使用者之间的信息鸿沟,化解伴生风险。现行方案中,以透明度原则为核心的AIGC信息披露义务存有局限性,如披露的信息量有限难以满足应用需求、忽略了非服务提供者的信息披露义务、信息披露的方式和对象有待改进。上述局限可以从以下方面完善:披露内容方面,针对AIGC三个阶段的透明度需求及应披露的类型化信息明确在各阶段应披露的类型化信息;披露主体方面,强化非服务提供者的信息披露义务,使用者承担消极披露义务,传播平台则承担兜底的积极披露义务;披露程序方面,应设置附随式和查询式双轨并行的显性披露方式,并完善关于隐性披露的表述和显性披露的标识;披露对象方面,应合理限制显性披露的适用范围,在向社会不特定公众传播生成内容、具有“深度伪造”以及冲击社会评价机制风险的场景应予以显性披露。The content generated by AIGC is highly similar to human created content,and is prone to associated risks of infringing on the rights and interests of private entities,affecting public safety,and even harming national interests.The reason for this is that the generated content did not disclose the identification of AI generation,leading to public misidentification.The principle of transparency can bridge the information gap between the public and AIGC users,and mitigate associated risks.In the current plan,the AIGC information disclosure obligation centered on the principle of transparency has limitations,such as limited disclosure of information that cannot meet application needs,neglect of the information disclosure obligation of non service providers,and the need for improvement in the way and object of information disclosure.The above limitations can be improved from the following aspects:in terms of disclosure content,clarify the typological information that should be disclosed in each stage in response to the transparency requirements of AIGC's three stages and the typological information that should be disclosed;In terms of disclosure entities,strengthen the information disclosure obligations of non service providers,users assume negative disclosure obligations,and communication platforms assume active disclosure obligations as a fallback;In terms of disclosure procedures,a dual track explicit disclosure method of accompanying and inquiry should be established,and the description of implicit disclosure and the identification of explicit disclosure should be improved;In terms of disclosure targets,the scope of explicit disclosure should be reasonably limited,and explicit disclosure should be made in scenarios where the generated content is disseminated to unspecified members of the public,there is a risk of"deep forgery",and there is a risk of impacting social evaluation mechanisms.

关 键 词：透明度原则 AIGC 信息披露义务 服务提供者 使用者 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]