鱼菜共生技术及其系统装备的研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospect of aquaponics technology and its system equipment

作　　者：李天沛 汪小旵[1,2] 施印炎 丁为民 LI Tianpei;WANG Xiaochan;SHI Yinyan;DING Weimin(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China;Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facilities Agricultural Technology and Equipment,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210031 [2]江苏省现代设施农业技术与装备工程实验室,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2025年第1期85-96,共12页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021362);国家留学基金资助项目。

摘　　要：中国淡水养殖产量稳居世界第一位,但过量投饲和养殖模式落后带来的水体富营养化、生产效率低下以及水产品质量无法得到保障等问题严重制约了水产养殖业的健康发展,因此发展鱼菜共生等生态种养模式是加快发展生态循环农业并最终实现农业绿色可持续发展的重要途径。鱼菜共生技术可实现氮素和水资源的高利用率,生产农产品的同时生态效益也很显著。鱼菜共生系统包含水产养殖、养殖尾水预处理、微生物降解转化、作物栽培等农艺环节,涉及多种农业生产过程和装备。本文总结了国内外现代鱼菜共生技术的发展现状,介绍了鱼菜共生系统的装备组成和模式特点,分析了鱼菜共生技术及其装备存在的问题和挑战,提出鱼菜共生技术未来发展趋势与建议。China's freshwater aquaculture production ranks first in the world,but problems such as water eutrophication,low production efficiency and unguaranteed aquatic product quality caused by excessive feeding and backward aquaculture mode seriously restrict the healthy development of aquaculture industry. Therefore,the development of aquaponics and other ecological breeding models is an important way to accelerate the development of ecological circular agriculture,finally realizing the green and sustainable development of agriculture. Aquaponics technology can achieve high utilization of nitrogen and water resources,and produce agricultural products with remarkable ecological benefits. Aquaponics system includes aquaculture,aquaculture tail water pretreatment,microbial degradation and transformation,crop cultivation and other links,involving a variety of agricultural production processes and equipment,which requires high technical and professional level of personnel engaged in the related research and production. This paper summarized the development status of modern aquaponics technology at home and abroad,introduced the equipment composition and mode characteristics of aquaponics system,and analyzed the characteristics of aquaponics technology and equipment in the actual production process of our country and the reasons preventing their wide application. Prospects and suggestions were made for the future development of aquaponics technology,which could provide a reference for the research of aquaponics technology.

关 键 词：鱼菜共生 种养装备 水产养殖 无土栽培 尾水处理 氮素循环 

分 类 号：S237[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S964.9[农业科学—农业工程]