不同组合及剂量植物甾醇对体外瘤胃微生物发酵的影响  

Effect of different combinations and dosages of phytosterols on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro

作　　者：朱玉喜 曹雨涵 吕东海 高健[1] 郭孟娇 孙展英 孙晓妮 成艳芬[1] 刘锁珠[3] 刘艳丰 ZHU Yuxi;CAO Yuhan;LÜDonghai;GAO Jian;GUO Mengjiao;SUN Zhanying;SUN Xiaoni;CHENG Yanfen;LIU Suozhu;LIU Yanfeng(National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition/Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Nanjing Nuoqi Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Tibet University of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Nyingchi 860000,China;Feed Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830013,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物消化道营养国家级国际联合研究中心/消化道微生物研究室,江苏南京210095 [2]南京诺齐生物科技有限公司,江苏南京210008 [3]西藏农牧学院动物科技学院,西藏林芝860000 [4]新疆畜牧科学院饲料研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830013

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2025年第1期190-196,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32061143034,32161143028);区域科技协同创新专项(QYXTZX-NQ2021-01)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究旨在评价植物甾醇的组成和剂量在体外对瘤胃微生物发酵的影响。[方法]采用双因素试验设计设置菜油甾醇、菜籽甾醇、谷甾醇和β-谷甾醇4种植物甾醇组合和添加剂量(0、0.03、0.10和0.20 μg·mL^(-1)),将植物甾醇添加到含60 mL瘤胃培养基和0.60 g全混合日粮的血清瓶中,置于恒温培养箱中39 ℃培养24 h。培养过程中动态测定血清瓶中的总气体和甲烷产量,在发酵结束时分别收集剩余培养基和发酵底物,分析底物消失率和微生物代谢参数,包括乳酸、氨态氮、挥发性脂肪酸和微生物蛋白的浓度。[结果]0.20 μg·mL^(-1) β-谷甾醇条件下的产气量高于其他处理(P<0.05),并且增加植物甾醇剂量可提高瘤胃微生物代谢所产生的总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度(P<0.01),尤其提高了乙酸的百分比,其中以β-谷甾醇的效果最好。针对各处理中不同植物甾醇组合及比例进行线性回归,分析结果显示,植物甾醇组合中的菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇对微生物生长代谢有促进作用,而菜籽甾醇和豆甾醇对微生物活动有抑制作用。[结论]添加菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇可促进体外瘤胃微生物的生长与代谢,且以0.20 μg·mL^(-1) β-谷甾醇效果最好。[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate the effects of compositions and doses of phytosterols on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro. [Methods]A two-factor experimental design was used in this study. Phytosterols of different phytosterol(campesterol,brassicasterol,stigmasterol and β-sitosterol)and supplemental doses(0,0.03,0.10 and 0.20 μg·mL^(-1))were added to serum vials containing 60 mL rumen medium and 0.60 g total mixed diet,which were incubated at 39 ℃ for 24 h in a homothermic incubator. Total gas and methane yields in serum bottles were determined dynamically during this incubation. Culture media and dietary residue were collected respectively at the end of incubation for the analysis of dietary nutrient digestibility and microbial metabolites including the concentrations of lactate,ammonia-nitrogen,volatile fatty acid(VFA)and microbial crude protein(MCP). [Results]Phytosterols β-sitosterol at 0.20 μg·mL^(-1) had greater gas yields than the other treatments(P<0.05). Increased doses of phytosterols could enhance the concentration of VFA produced by microbial metabolism in vitro(P<0.01),especially increasing the percentage of acetate,with β-sitosterol showing the greatest effect. Linear regression analysis was performed for the different phytosterol compositions and proportions present in each product,and the result showed that campesterol and β-sitosterol had beneficial effects on in vitro rumen fermentation,while brassicasterol and stigmasterol showed inhibitory effects on the fermentation system. [Conclusions]Adding campesterol and β-sitosterol could promote the growth and metabolism of ruminal microorganisms in vitro,with β-sitosterol at 0.20 μg·mL^(-1) being the best.

关 键 词：瘤胃微生物 体外发酵 植物甾醇 菜油甾醇 Β-谷甾醇 挥发性脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S826.95[农业科学—畜牧学]