不同海拔牦牛快肌、慢肌相关调控基因表达的比较  

Comparison of Gene Expressions of Fast and Slow Skeletal Muscle-Related Regulatory Genes in Yaks at Different Altitudes

作　　者：权君莲 周娟 张勤文[1] QUAN Jun-Lian;ZHOU Juan;ZHANG Qin-Wen(Department of Veterinary Medicine,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院动物医学系,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第6期946-954,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目(No.2023-ZJ-722)。

摘　　要：为了阐明不同海拔牦牛(Bos mutus)骨骼肌快肌和慢肌调控基因的表达特点及其低氧适应机制,选取青海省化隆县(海拔1900 m,以下简称低海拔组)、海晏县(海拔3200 m,以下简称中海拔组)及班玛县(海拔4200 m,以下简称高海拔组)高原型牦牛作为研究对象,以低海拔牦牛和低海拔黄牛(B.taurus)作为对照,采用实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹技术分别检测不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌快肌和慢肌调控基因m RNA表达及蛋白含量的变化。结果表明:随着海拔升高,调控快肌表达的因子MyoG mRNA和MYOG蛋白的表达量逐渐增加;调控慢肌表达的因子MyoD mRNA表现为先降低再升高,而MYOD蛋白表达呈现先升高再降低的趋势;PGC-1 m RNA和PGC-1蛋白表达量均逐渐升高(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌快肌和慢肌调控基因MyoG、MyoD及PGC-1的m RNA表达量可能与低氧环境有一定联系。为适应高原低氧环境,高原型牦牛骨骼肌肌纤维类型及调控基因的表达会发生一定的变化。本研究为深入研究青海省不同海拔地区牦牛的低氧适应机制提供了基础数据。[Objectives]This study aims to clarify the expression characteristics of genes regulating fast and slow skeletal muscles of Yak Bos mutus at different altitudes and their adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia.[Methods]The Yaks were selected from Hualong County(1900 m above sea level,hereinafter referred to as the low altitude group),Haiyan County(3200 m above sea level,hereinafter referred to as the middle-altitude group)and Banma County(4200 m above sea level,hereinafter referred to as the high-altitude group),Qinghai,China,with the low-altitude Yak and Cattle B.taurus were taken as the control.Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting technology were used to detect changes in mRNA expression and protein content of genes regulating fast and slow skeletal muscle in Yak at different altitudes,respectively.[Results]The results showed that with the increase of altitude,the expression of MyoG that regulates the expression of fast muscle,gradually increased,the mRNA of MyoD which regulates the expression of slow muscle first decreased and then increased,while the protein expression of slow muscle first increased and then decreased(Fig.2,3).In addition,the expression of PGC-1 mRNA and PGC-1 protein gradually increased with altitude(P<0.05)(Fig.4,5).[Conclusion]The above results showed that the mRNA expression of MyoG,MyoD and PGC-1 may be associated with the hypoxic environment.The muscle fibre types and the expression of regulatory genes of skeletal muscles changed to adapt to the low oxygen environment.The present study provides basic data for the in-depth study of the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in Yaks at different altitudes in Qinghai Province.

关 键 词：高原牦牛 骨骼肌 肌纤维类型 低氧适应机制 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]