无义介导mRNA降解的肿瘤诊疗价值  

Diagnostic and therapeutic value of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in cancer

作　　者：刘佳伶 韩雷 于津浦 LIU Jialing;HAN Lei;YU Jinpu(Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center of Caner,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy of Tianjin,Tianjin 300060,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学肿瘤医院肿瘤分子诊断中心,国家恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心,天津市恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心,天津市肿瘤免疫与生物治疗重点实验室,天津300060

出　　处：《中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志》2024年第11期1085-1091,共7页Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82173198,No.81872143)。

摘　　要：无义介导的mRNA降解(NMD)作为一种质量控制机制,可降解含有过早终止密码子(PTC)的异常mRNA,参与生长发育、调节免疫功能,且与肿瘤微环境密切相关。NMD对肿瘤有抑制或促进的双重作用:一方面,NMD通过下调促癌蛋白表达、抑制促癌信号通路和应激微环境等途径抑制肿瘤进展;另一方面,NMD通过抑制抑癌基因的表达、癌细胞凋亡和肿瘤新抗原的产生促进肿瘤进展。此外,NMD并非降解所有携带PTC的mRNA,PTC出现的位置可能决定NMD触发或逃逸,由于各基因的高频突变区域各不相同,因此不同基因发生PTC突变后是否触发NMD则具有不同的倾向性。随着二代测序技术的成熟与普及,基因突变筛查已成为临床诊疗常规手段,这使得从多基因层面探究NMD的规律与意义成为可能。因此,在进一步了解NMD的功能及其机制的基础上,通过高通量测序与计算机算法评估NMD水平,有望在临床工作中扬长避短地发挥NMD潜在的临床价值,助力个性化临床诊治与精准医疗的发展。Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay(NMD)serves as a quality control mechanism,degrading aberrant mRNAs with premature termination codons(PTCs).It also plays a role in growth and development,immune regulation,and is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment.NMD has a dual role in cancer;on the one hand,it inhibits tumor progression through down-regulation of pro-oncogenic protein expression,inhibition of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways and stressful microenvironments,while one the other hand,it promotes tumor progression by inhibiting oncogene expression,cancer cell apoptosis and tumor neoantigen production.Notably,NMD does not degrade all PTC-containing mRNAs.The location of the PTC may determine whether NMD is triggered or evaded.Since different genes vary greatly in high-frequency mutation regions,the likelihood of triggering NMD after a PTC mutation differs across genes.With the maturation and widespread use of second-generation sequencing technology,gene mutation screening has become a routine clinical diagnostic tool,making it possible to explore the patterns and significance of NMD from a multi-gene perspective.By further understanding the functions and mechanisms of NMD and assessing the NMD levels through high-throughput sequencing and computational algorithms,its potential clinical value is expected to be revealed,contributing to the advancement of personalized treatment and precision medicine.

关 键 词：无义介导mRNA降解(NMD) 过早终止密码子(PTC) 基因突变 肿瘤抗原性 免疫治疗 

分 类 号：R730.4[医药卫生—肿瘤]