基于知信行模式的家长参与眼保健操积极性及关联因素分析  

Analysis on positive engagement of parents in eye health exercises and associated factors based on the knowledge-attitude-practice model

作　　者：陈小君 陈华蓉 张春花 孙冰 黄佳丽 陈燕燕 CHEN Xiaojun;CHEN Huarong;ZHANG Chunhua;SUN Bing;HUANG Jiali;CHEN Yanyan(School of Optometry and Ophthalmology(School of Biomedical Engineering),Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325027,China;National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases,Eye Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang325027,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学眼视光学院(生物医学工程学院),浙江温州325027 [2]温州医科大学附属眼视光医院,国家眼耳鼻喉疾病(眼部疾病)临床医学研究中心,浙江温州325027

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第21期2976-2981,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81873683)。

摘　　要：目的了解家长对眼保健操的知信行现状,分析其关联因素,为构建家长眼保健操知信行干预方案提供依据。方法2023年3—4月,采用整群抽样的方法,在温州市12个区县(市)抽取4所小学,选取一年级至六年级1960名小学生进行验光,采用自编眼保健操知信行问卷对其家长进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果家长对眼保健操知晓率为47.76%,积极性为72.45%,参与率为36.73%。家长参与眼保健操行为与认识水平呈负相关(β=-0.334,OR=0.718,P<0.05),而与态度呈正相关(β=2.333,OR=10.282,P<0.01)。父母及其近视程度对眼保健操认识水平的影响差异均有统计学意义(OR=1.324~1.435,均P<0.05)。家长文化程度、近视程度以及其子女是否近视对眼保健操态度的影响差异均有统计学意义(OR=0.501~0.753,均P<0.05)。家长文化程度、近视程度以及其子女年级对参与行为的影响差异均有统计学意义(OR=0.342~0.722,均P<0.05)。结论家长对眼保健操认识和参与不足,建议针对家长眼保健操知信行特征及关联因素,加强对家长的眼保健操宣传教育,提高家长的护眼意识和能力,形成家庭、学校、社会的防控合力。Objective To understand the current status of the knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)of parents regarding eye exercises,analyze the associated factors,and provide evidence for developing intervention programs for parents'KAP on eye exercises.Methods From March to April 2023,a cluster sampling method was used to select 4 primary schools from 12 districts and counties(cities)in Wenzhou City.A total of 1960 primary school students from grades one to six were selected for optometry.A self-designed questionnaire on eye health exercise KAP was used to survey their parents,and the data was analyzed.Results The awareness rate of parents about eye health exercises was 47.76%,the enthusiasm rate was 72.45%,and the participation rate was 36.73%.Parental practice in eye exercises showed a negative correlation with their level of knowledge(β=-0.33,OR=0.72,P<0.05),while a positive correlation with their attitudes(β=2.33,OR=10.28,P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in the level of knowledge of eye health exercises among different fathers,mothers,and myopia levels(OR=1.32-1.44,all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the impact of parents'educational levels,myopia levels,and whether their children were myopic on their attitudes towards eye health exercises(OR=0.50-0.75,all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the influence of parents'educational levels,myopia levels,and their children's grade level on participation practice(OR=0.34-0.72,all P<0.05).Conclusion Parents have insufficient knowledge and practice regarding eye health exercises.It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and education of eye health exercises for parents based on their knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors and related factors,improve their awareness and ability in eye care,and form a joint prevention and control force among families,schools,and society.

关 键 词：家长 儿童 眼保健操 知信行 积极性 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]