基于遗传多样性的泰和乌鸡家系构建研究  

Construction of black-bone silky fowl(Gallus gallus domesticus)families based on genetic diversity

作　　者：刘姣 高海云 袁媛[4] 刘天睿 李慧[1,3] 张恬 LIU Jiao;GAO Hai-yun;YUAN Yuan;LIU Tian-rui;LI Hui;ZHANG Tian(Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Nanchang 330115,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Jiangxi Health Industry Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330115,China;Experimental Research Center,China Academy of Chinese Medic al Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院,中医药健康产业研究所,中药资源可持续利用江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330115 [2]中国中医科学院,中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [3]江西中医药健康产业研究院,江西南昌330115 [4]中国中医科学院医学实验中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第23期6281-6290,共10页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(20223BBF61006);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(C12021A052,CI2023D001,CI2023E002-04);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国中医科学院中药资源中心自主选题研究项目(ZZXT202217)。

摘　　要：泰和乌鸡Gallus gallus domesticus的药用历史悠久,原产于江西省泰和县,虽已建立保种场,但其家系组成、近交率和有效群体大小等遗传多样性信息尚不清楚,不利于进行资源保护及品种改良。该文随机选取3个泰和乌鸡保种场2021年随机交配保种群体80只,并基于乌鸡全基因组和重测序数据,利用等位基因频率(MAF)、观测杂合度(H_(o))、期望杂合度(H_(e))、有效群体含量(N_(e))和连续性纯合片段(ROH)等参数对泰和乌鸡保种群体的遗传多样性现状进行评估。结果显示,利用80只泰和乌鸡重测序数据,共获得9641411个SNPs标记,多态标记位点、期望杂合度、观测杂合度分别为0.81、0.34、0.33,平均IBS遗传距离为0.38±0.0082。共检测出15969个ROH,平均长度为0.73 Mb,主要集中在0~2 Mb,基于ROH的平均近交系数为0.1509,在高频ROH区域检测出424个基因,包括2个与色素沉着相关的基因SLC13A4和DDX6。上述结果表明,泰和乌鸡保种群体的个体间亲缘关系较远,有效群体数量呈下降趋势,且近交程度较高。在此基础上,该文提出了有助于保护泰和乌鸡遗传资源的家系构建方案,以期提高泰和乌鸡的保育水平。Black-bone silky fowls(Gallus gallus domesticus)have a long history of medicinal use,with the origin in Taihe county,Jiangxi province.The unclear family composition,inbreeding rate,and effective population size were inconducive to the resource conservation or breed improvement of black-bone silky fowls.A genome-wide analysis was performed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 80 black-bone silky fowls from random mating in three farms in 2021 in terms of minor allele frequency(MAF),expected heterozygosity(H_(e)),observed heterozygosity(H_(o)),effective population size(N_(e)),and runs of homozygosity(ROH).The results showed that a total of 9641411 SNPs were passed quality control from 80 black-bone silky fowls.The polymorphic marker ratio,expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity in this population were 0.81,0.34,and 0.33,respectively,and the average IBS genetic distance of black-bone silky fowls was 0.38±0.0082.A total of 15969 R0Hs were identified,with the average length of 0.73 Mb,and most of the ROHs were 0~2 Mb.According to inbreeding ROHs,the average inbreeding coefficient was 0.1509.The high-frequency ROH regions harbored 424 genes,including two genes,SLC13A4 and DDX6,associated with pigmentation.The results showed that the genetic relationship between individuals of black-bone silky fowls was far.The population had experienced a strong decline in size in recent decades,and the inbreeding degree was high.According to the results,an appropriate family construction scheme was proposed for resource conservation and breeding work of black-bone silky fowls.

关 键 词：泰和乌鸡 遗传多样性 群体结构 近交系数 

分 类 号：S865.4[农业科学—野生动物驯养]