基于生态系统服务和生态敏感性的生态安全格局构建——以钱塘江流域为例  

The construction of ecological security pattern based on ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity:a case study of the Qiantang River Basin

作　　者：孔凡斌 段淑慧 徐彩瑶 KONG Fanbin;DUAN Shuhui;XU Caiyao(Rural Revitalization Academy of Zhejiang Province/Green Rural Revival Program Academy/College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Digital Forestry and Green Development/College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学浙江省乡村振兴研究院/“千万工程”研究院/经济管理学院,杭州311300 [2]南京林业大学数字林业与绿色发展研究院/经济管理学院,南京210037

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第24期11359-11374,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(23ZDA105)。

摘　　要：基于生态系统服务和生态敏感性的生态安全格局构建能够系统性、整体性地推进生态保护修复,是建设人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化的重要途径。以浙江省钱塘江流域为研究对象,综合运用生态系统服务权衡/协同分析、生态敏感性评价、有序加权平均(OWA)算法以及热点分析等方法识别生态源,利用土地未来增长的潜在变化概率修正基本阻力面,运用电路理论识别关键生态要素,在此基础上构建生态安全格局,确定重点修复区域,划定生态保护区,提出生态治理分区策略。结果表明:(1)钱塘江流域共有35个重要生态源,总面积为3441.24 km^(2),占区域总面积的17.38%,主要分布在西部和南部森林地区,为生物提供了良好的生境和丰富的生态系统服务;(2)识别生态廊道44条,长度为889.07 km,廊道分布呈现中西部密集,东部稀疏的蛛网状空间格局;识别生态夹点25个,主要集中分布在区域中部地区,是未来生态保护的优先区域;确定的生态障碍面积为960.84 km^(2),高级别恢复区面积为105.98 km^(2),占11.03%,是未来修复的重点;(3)构建了“一轴、两带、三区”的国土空间生态布局和分区管控策略,“一轴”为流经钱塘江、富春江和新安江等流域的水源涵养-生物多样性保护生态轴,“两带”是指水源涵养-土壤污染防治带和水源涵养-水土流失修复带,“三区”是基于生态安全格局的保护与修复分区,包括生态屏障区、生态修复区和生态保育区,进一步根据各个分区的实际情况提出优化策略。研究结果可为有效缓解区域生态安全与经济发展之间的矛盾及优化国土生态安全格局提供依据。The construction of ecological security pattern based on ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity can systematically and holistically promote ecological protection and restoration,and is an important way to build a Chinese⁃style modernization in which human beings coexist harmoniously with nature.Taking the Qiantang River Basin in Zhejiang Province as the research object,the paper comprehensively applied the ecosystem service trade⁃off/synergy and analysis,ecological sensitivity evaluation,OWA algorithm and hotspot analysis methods to identify the ecological sources,used the potential change probability of the future growth of the land to correct the basic resistance surface.This paper also applied the circuit theory to identify the key ecological elements,and based on which,constructed the ecological security pattern,determined the key restoration areas,delimited the ecological protection zones,and put forward the ecological governancezoning strategy.The results showed that:(1)there were a total of 35 important ecological sources in the Qiantang RiverBasin,with a total area of 3441.24 km^(2),accounting for 17.38%of the total regional area.They were mainly distributed inthe western and southern forest areas,providing good habitats and rich ecosystem services for organisms;(2)44 ecologicalcorridors were identified,with a total length of 889.07 km,and the distribution of the corridors showed a dense spiderwebspatial pattern of the central and western parts of the region and a sparse distribution in the eastern part of the region;25ecological pinch points were identified,mainly concentrated in the central region of the region,which are priority areas forfuture ecological protection;25 ecological pinch points were identified,mainly in the central part of the region;Thedetermined ecological obstacle area is 960.84 km^(2),and the high⁃level restoration area is 105.98 km^(2),accounting for 11.03%,which is the focus of future restoration;and(3)the national spatial ecological layout and zoning control strategy

关 键 词：生态安全格局 电路理论 有序加权平均(OWA)算法 生态保护修复 钱塘江流域 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]