托勒密时期的埃及王权形象塑造与身份认同  

The Construction of Egyptian Royal Imagery and Identity in the Ptolemaic Period

作　　者：史海波[1] 李智琳 SHI Hai-bo;LI Zhi-lin(Department of World History,School of History and Culture,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学历史文化学院世界史系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学集刊》2025年第1期109-120,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“古代近东主要帝国时期(公元前1500—前500年)的历史编撰与史料诠释研究”(22ASS006);国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“中东史学通史(五卷本)”(23VLS023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为外族统治者的托勒密王朝历代国王,通过采用埃及传统王权符号、沿袭前朝本土法老的外观和王名等方式,在具象层面构建了正统的埃及王权形象。同时,托勒密统治者对埃及本土宗教和仪式表现出虔敬的态度,并以此塑造合法的埃及法老身份,包括神化自身,强调神圣世系的继承,以及宣传恢复国家秩序和维护传统宗教仪式等方式。然而从现实情况来看,托勒密统治者更为重视希腊君主的身份,法老身份只是他们用于维持统治的宣传工具。由于现实中经济、阶层和种族矛盾的存在,包括祭司、权贵和平民在内的埃及臣民对外族法老身份的认同也相对有限。在征服与统治的背景下,不同文明之间很难形成完全的互相认同。After the Pharaonic period,the Macedonians conquered Egypt and established the Ptolemaic dynasty.As foreign rulers,in order to obtain recognition from the native Egyptians and thereby maintain their rule,they actively constructed an orthodox Egyptian royal image on a tangible level by emulating the appearance and royal names of native pharaohs from previous dynasties and adopting traditional symbols of Egyptian kingship.At the same time,the Ptolemaic rulers demonstrated a reverent attitude towards native Egyptian religion and civilization.By deifying themselves,emphasizing the continuation of a divine lineage,and restoring national order and religious activities,they endeavored to portray themselves as legitimate Egyptian pharaohs on the religious and ceremonial levels.In practical terms,the Ptolemaic rulers consistently emphasized their identity as Greek monarchs,whereas the pharaonic identity was utilized solely as a propagandistic instrument for maintaining control.Given the presence of economic,social class,and ethnic conflicts,Egyptian subjects demonstrated only limited acceptance of the foreign pharaonic identity.Under the circumstances of conquest,achieving complete mutual recognition between different civilizations proved to be particularly challenging.

关 键 词：托勒密时期 古埃及 王权形象 身份认同 

分 类 号：K411.2[历史地理—历史学] D741.1[历史地理—世界史]