氨同化菌群对污泥堆肥氮素转化影响机制的研究进展  

Research Progress on Influence Mechanism of Ammonifying Microbial Communities on Nitrogen Transformation During Sludge Composting

作　　者：刘治廷 商亮 郭嘉 姜超 孟利强[1] 樊川[1] 陈静宇[1] 王向向 曹旭[1] LIU Zhiting;SHANG Liang;GUO Jia;JIANG Chao;MENG Liqiang;FAN Chuan;CHEN Jingyu;WANG Xiangxiang;CAO Xu(Institute of Microbiology,Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150010,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150010

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第12期57-62,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“氨同化菌群对污泥堆肥氮素转化影响机制的研究”(CZKYF2021-2-C034)。

摘　　要：污泥堆肥过程中氨气(NH_(3))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)大量排放导致的氮素损失及环境污染是其在实际应用中未能有效解决的现实问题。含氮气体的形成与释放机理是控制堆肥氮素损失的关键。氨同化菌群可将铵态氮合成谷氨酸,将无机氮转化为有机氮并固定于污泥堆肥中,从而提高堆肥氮转化率,防止氮素损失。为提高污泥堆肥肥效,促进农业绿色可持续发展提供参考,综述氨同化菌群的基本特性、氮素转化机制、基因工程优化及其在污泥堆肥中的影响作用等方面的研究现状,从氨同化菌群的应用潜力、氨氧化抑制作用、竞争与适应性及污泥特性与氮素转化过程的系统运行与管理等方面展望其研究方向。The nitrogen loss and environmental pollution caused by the large emissions of ammonia(NH_(3)) and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O) during the sludge composting process are practical problems that have not been effectively solved.The formation and release mechanism of nitrogen-containing gases(NH_(3) and N_(2)O) are the keys for controlling nitrogen loss in composting.The ammonia assimilating bacterial community can synthesize glutamic acid from ammonium nitrogen,convert inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen,and fix it in sludge compost,thereby improving the nitrogen conversion rate of compost and preventing nitrogen loss.In order to provide references for improving the manurial effect of sludge compost and promoting green and sustainable development of agriculture,the research status of the basic characteristics of ammonia assimilating bacterial communities,nitrogen transformation mechanisms,genetic engineering optimization,and their impact on sludge composting are reviewed.The research directions of ammonia assimilating bacterial communities are prospected from the aspects of their application potential,ammonia oxidation inhibition,competition and adaptability,sludge characteristics and the systematic operation and management of nitrogen transformation processes.

关 键 词：氨同化菌群 污泥 堆肥 氮素转化 基因工程 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]