深海多金属结核开采过程中脱泥预处理装置研究  

Desliming Device for Pretreatment of Polymetallic Nodules in Deep-Sea Mining

作　　者：吴冬华[1,2] WU Donghua(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410012,Hunan,China;State Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Deep Sea Mineral Resources,Changsha 410012,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410012 [2]深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《矿冶工程》2024年第6期6-10,15,共6页Mining and Metallurgical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(SH6700-01)。

摘　　要：海底采矿车在采集深海多金属结核时携带大量沉积物,为减少采矿尾水对海洋环境的影响,开发了双螺旋滚筒结构和直排拦阻网结构的两种高效、低扩散脱泥预处理装置,并集成射流输送辅助试验设备、配备在线监测系统。采用计算流体动力学仿真和实验室试验对该装置的脱泥效果和环境保护性能进行评估。结果显示,直排拦阻网结构脱泥预处理装置脱泥率超过98%,它能迅速分离泥沙,并在较短时间内使泥沙沉降,有效控制采矿车羽流,提高采矿输送效率,从源头减少采矿尾水的污染。A seabed collector vehicle usually carries a large amount of sediments during mining seabed polymetallic nodules.For reducing the environmental impact caused by tail water discharged in the mining,two kinds of high efficiency and low diffusion desliming pretreatment devices,with twine-drum spiral structure and a direct discharge device with arresting mesh structure,respectively,have been developed,which integrates a jet-assisted transport testing equipment,and is also equipped with an online monitoring system.The desliming effect and environmental performance of the developed device was evaluated by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations and laboratory tests.It is found that the direct discharge device with arresting mesh can pretreat tails with desliming rate over 98%,and this pretreatment device can make quick separation of nodules from sediment,and also lead to subsequent quick settlement of the separated sediment,thus effectively controlling the plume caused by collector in the mining.It is concluded that this developed pretreatment device can improve the lifting efficiency in the mining and mitigate the pollution of tails in the deep-sea mining from the source.

关 键 词：深海多金属结核 海底采矿车 脱泥 浊度监测 海洋环境保护 深海采矿 计算流体力学 

分 类 号：TD857[矿业工程—金属矿开采]