行动与行为——理解阳明“知行合一”论的两个维度  

Action and Behavior——Two dimensions for understanding Wang Yangming's Theory of“Unity of Knowledge and Action”

作　　者：王觅泉 WANG Mi-quan(School of Marxism,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学马克思主义学院,北京100088

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期1-5,12,共6页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“孟子心性论的实与虚”(项目编号:21FZXB031)。

摘　　要：阳明试图用“好好色、恶恶臭”和疼痛等经验事例中的知行关系来解释和论证“知行合一”,但是他在分析这些事例中何者对应知、何者对应行时有失严谨,导致解释和论证的效力存疑。重构这些事例中的知行关系后,它们仍能为理解阳明“知行合一”论提供有益的启示。在“好好色、恶恶臭”和疼痛经验中,一方面,感知本身就蕴含着行动动机,因此“知是行之始”;另一方面,它们都属于“具身之知”,亦即心理层面的感知同时伴随着下意识的生理反应或行为,可谓“一念发动处便即是行”。“道德之知”也具有这两个特征,阳明“知行合一”论可以从这两个维度来理解。Wang Yangming has attempted to explain and demonstrate the theory of“unity of knowledge and action”by using the knowledge-action relationship through empirical examples such as“liking good things and hating bad smells”and pain.However,in his analysis of these examples,he is not rigorous enough in determining which corresponds to knowledge and which to action,leading to doubts in the effectiveness of his explanation and demonstration.The reconstruction of the relationship between knowledge and action in these examples can still make them useful insights for the understanding of his theory of“unity of knowledge and action”.In the experiences of“liking good things and hating bad smells”and pain,perception itself contains the motivation for action on the one hand,so“knowledge is the beginning of action”;they all belong to“embodied knowledge”on the other hand,that is,perceptions at the psychological level,accompanied by subconscious physiological reactions or behaviors,which can be described as“it is already action where a single thought arises.”“Moral knowledge”also has these two characteristics,and Wang Yangming's theory of“unity of knowledge and action”can be understood from these two dimensions.

关 键 词：道德之知 行动动机 知行合一 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]