牛粪有氧生物发酵及主要影响因素试验研究  

Study on Aerobic Biological Fermentation of Cattle Manure and Itsmain Influencing Factors

作　　者：何茂昌[1] 杨军祥[1] 郭海龙[1] 罗琰 高博 王燕燕 石福岳[1] 尚涛 李斐 HE Mao-chang;YANG Jun-xiang;GUO Hai-long;LUO Yan;GAO Bo;WANG Yan-yan;SHI Fu-yue;SHANG Tao;LI Fei(Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Gansu,Pingliang,Gansu 44000,China;Chongxin County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Center,Chongxin,Gansu 744200,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所,甘肃平凉744000 [2]崇信县畜牧兽医中心,甘肃崇信744200

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2024年第6期45-49,共5页China Cattle Science

基　　金：甘肃省技术创新引导计划项目(22CX8NA059);2022年现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑项目(GSLK-2022-1)。

摘　　要：测定不同方式牛粪有氧生物发酵的发酵效果,分析主要影响因素。结果:平均环境温度>16℃时,试验Ⅰ组的发酵升温速度最快,发酵温度极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)高于其他各组,发酵高温维持时间最长(50℃以上9 d、60℃以上7 d);试验Ⅱ组的发酵升温速度次之,发酵温度极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)高于试验Ⅲ组和对照组,发酵高温维持时间(50℃以上8 d)大于试验Ⅲ组(50℃以上3 d)和对照组(<30℃)。平均环境温度≤10℃时,各组升温速度及发酵温度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:动态方式效果最优,静态方式次之,自然堆肥最差。添加有机物料腐熟剂能加快生物发酵效能,环境温度、供氧、含水率为牛粪堆肥生物发酵的重要影响因素。“水分调节预处理+堆垛静态自然通风”比自然堆肥能显著加快牛粪升温速度并维持较长时间的高温发酵。Measure the fermentation efficiency of aerobic biological fermentation of cattle manure using difference method and analyze the main influencing factors.Results:When the average ambient temperature was above 16℃,the fermentation heating rate of experimental group I was the fastest,the fermentation temperature was extremely(P<0.01)or significantly(P<0.05)higher than that in other groups.The high temperature mainte-nance time fermentation was the longest(above 50℃for 9 days and above 60℃for 7 days).The fermentation heating rate of Experiment Group II was second,and the fermentation temperature was dramatic significantly higher(P<0.01)or significantly(P<0.05)than that of test groupⅢand control group The fermentation high tempera-ture maintenance time(above 50℃for 8 days)was longer than that of test groupⅢ(above 50℃for 3 days)and control group(<30℃).When the average ambient temperature was less than 10℃,there were no significant differences in the heating rate and fermentation temperature among all groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Dynamic composting had the best effect,followed by static composting,and natural composting had the worst effect.Adding organic material decomposing agent could accelerate the efficiency of biological fermentation,and the environmental temperature,oxygen supply and moisture content were the important factors affecting the biological fermentation of cattle manure compost.Compared with natural composting,"water conditioning pretreatment+statically natural ventilation"could significantly accelerate the heating rate of cattle manure and maintain a longer time of high temperature fermentation.

关 键 词：牛粪 堆垛 环境温度 生物发酵 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]