反弹胶囊的实验研究和理论分析  

Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis of Rebounding Capsule

作　　者：韩己宁 魏蔚[1] 马晓栋[1] HAN Ji-ning;WEI Wei;MA Xiao-dong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Luminescence Minerals and Optical Functional Materials,School of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学物理与电子工程学院,新疆发光矿物与光功能材料研究重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2025年第2期36-44,共9页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：新疆师范大学本科教学质量工程建设教学研究与改革项目(SDJG2023-17);教育部高等学校大学物理教指委西北地区教学研究项目(XBJY202304)。

摘　　要：反弹胶囊(Rebounding Capsule)这一题目源于第34届国际青年物理学家锦标赛(International Young Physicists'Tournament,IYPT),也是2021年中国大学生物理学术竞赛(China Undergraduate Physics Tournament,CUPT)的题目之一。根据能量守恒定律,受到空气阻力的影响,球状物体做自由落体运动时,反弹高度永远无法超过初始高度。而胶囊状物体由于具有旋转初速度,反弹之后有可能超过初始高度。文章针对这一现象展开分析:第一,文章对“反弹胶囊”这一生活问题进行了数学简化和物理建模。第二,根据物理模型进行了多次重复实验并对实验现象进行分析后得出,反弹胶囊反弹之后的最大高度之所以超过初始高度是由于转动能和平动能之间的相互转化。第三,对上述实验现象展开理论分析,对反弹胶囊反弹之后上升的最大高度进行了定量计算。第四,利用计算机编程模拟验证了计算结果。最后对误差进行分析,对本研究进行了总结。Rebounding Capsule,this topic comes from the 34th International Young Physicists'Tournament(IYPT),and it is also one of the topics of the 2021 China Undergraduate Physics Tournament(CUPT).According to the conservation of energy,due to the influence of air resistance,when a spherical object is in free fall,the height of rebound can never exceed the initial height.However,because of the initial rotation velocity of the capsule-shaped object,it is possible to exceed the initial height after rebound.This paper analyzed this phenomenon.First,this paper simplified the life problem of"rebounding capsules"in mathematics and physical modeling.Second,after repeated experiments and analysis of the experimental phenomenon according to the physical model,it is concluded that the maximum height of rebounding capsules after rebounding can exceed the initial height because of the mutual transformation between rotational energy and kinetic energy.Third,the maximum height of rebounding capsules after rebounding was quantitatively calculated.Fourth,the calculation results was verified by computer programming simulation.Finally,the error was analyzed and the study was summarized.

关 键 词：能量守恒 转动动能 反弹高度 角动量定理 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]