国有企业“制度性”高工资是否日趋显著?--动态趋势和原因的实证分析  

Empirical Analysis of Dynamic Trend of“Institutional”High Wages in State-owned Enterprises

作　　者：李春瑜[1] LI Chunyu(Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100826,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100826

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2025年第1期145-161,共17页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：中国社会科学院“我国制造业企业全要素生产率研究”(0201010100321001);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(DF2023YS25)。

摘　　要：国有企业因为行政垄断、治理缺陷和劳动力市场分割等所有制因素而导致的相对于非国有企业的高工资(制度性高工资),是有违共同富裕和社会公平原则的。2011—2022年上市公司实证结果表明:尽管国资监管部门不断推动国有企业工资改革,但制度性高工资依旧存在,且日渐显著。国有企业工资总额相对产出变化存在“向下刚性”,劳动雇佣相对产出变化同时存在“向上刚性”和“向下刚性”,这些“刚性”共同作用,导致制度性高工资日渐显著。进一步的研究表明:2018年底国资委推出的“工资总额决定机制改革”,并未对制度性高工资产生明显抑制作用。为此,需要遏制制度性高工资日渐显著的趋势,并进一步改革导致国有企业制度性高工资的制度土壤,还要以消除不合理工资差异和推动共同富裕作为国有企业高质量发展目标之一。The high wages(institutionalized high wages)of state-owned enterprises compared to the wages in non-state-owned enterprises due to ownership factors such as administrative monopolies,governance deficiencies,and labor market segmentation are contrary to the principles of common prosperity and social equity.The empirical results of listed companies from 2011 to 2022 show that despite the continuous promotion of wage reform in state-owned enterprises by the state-owned asset supervision department,institutional high wages still exist and are becoming increasingly significant.There is a downward rigidity in the relative output changes of total wages in state-owned enterprises,while there are both upward rigidity and downward rigidity in the relative output changes of labor and employment.These rigidity factors work together,leading to increasingly significant institutional high wages.Further research indicates that the“reform of the total wage determination mechanism”launched by the State Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission at the end of 2018 did not have a significant inhibitory effect on institutional high wages.Therefore,it is necessary to curb the increasingly significant trend of institutional high wages and further reform the institution that leads to institutional high wages in state-owned enterprises.One of the high-quality development goals of state-owned enterprises is to eliminate unreasonable wage disparities and promote common prosperity.

关 键 词：共同富裕 制度性高工资 动态趋势 向上刚性 向下刚性 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济]