现代性与时间逻辑中的“新异化”--重审罗萨的社会加速批判理论  

Modernity and“Neo-alienation”in Time Logic-A Review of Rosa’s Critical Theory of Social Acceleration

作　　者：程萌 CHENG Meng(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2025年第1期188-196,共9页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于《资本论》视阈的人工智能哲学问题研究”(23CZX008)。

摘　　要：作为法兰克福学派新一代的代表人物,罗萨一方面继承霍克海默、哈贝马斯等从工具理性的角度批判资本主义社会对人的奴役的思想传统,一方面又试图在现代社会加速层面系统说明人类在现代自然科学的迷信下追求“掌控世界”造成人与世界关系相扭曲的“新异化”。在他看来,这种异化不同于马克思的异化劳动,而是植根于现代性加速进程中时间结构改变的“空间异化”“物的异化”“行动异化”“时间异化”以及“自我异化”。时间不再单纯是描述物质运动持续历程的物理参数,而是全面介入现代社会结构和人的生活内容。加速社会凭借不断强化的时间逻辑,固然提高生产生活效率,但又导致人们不得不持久地加入对各种资源的竞争追逐,生活节奏越来越快,质量越来越差。为克服弊端,罗萨提出当前应引入新的追求“质”的提升的“后增长社会”的发展模式,建构人与世界共鸣关系的美好生活。从马克思的历史唯物主义来看,罗萨为分析资本主义社会的危机提供新思路,然而又未意识只有将现代性逻辑、加速逻辑置于资本逻辑的场域中,立足于变革生产方式的维度,实现“自然科学”与“人的科学”的统一,才能真正消解加速社会中人的异化情形。As a representative of the new generation of Frankfurt School,Rosa inherits Horkheimer,Habermas and other ideological traditions that criticize the enslavement of human beings in capitalist society from the perspective of instrumental rationality.On the other hand,he tries to systematically explain from the accelerated level of modern society that the pursuit of“controlling the world”under the superstition of modern natural science has caused the“new alienation”of the relationship between man and the world.In his view,this alienation is different from Marx’s alienated labor,but is rooted in the“spatial alienation”,“object alienation”,“action alienation”,“time alienation”and“selfalienation”of the change of time structure in the accelerating process of modernity.Here,time is no longer simply a physical parameter that describes the continuous course of material motion,but is comprehensively involved in the structure of modern society and the content of human life.In addition,accelerating society by virtue of the constantly strengthening time logic has improved the efficiency of people’s production and life,but it has led to people having to permanently join the competition for various resources,the ever-increasing pace of life,and the deteriorating quality of life.In order to overcome the above drawbacks,Rosa proposed that a new development model of“post-growth society”,which pursues the improvement of“quality”,should be introduced at present to build a good life in which people and the world resonate.From the perspective of Marx’s historical materialism,Rosa provided a new way to analyze the crisis of capitalist societies,but he did not realize that only by putting the logic of modernity and accelerating logic in the field of capital logic,based on the dimension of transforming the mode of production,and realizing the unity of“natural science”and“human science”,can the alienation of human beings in accelerating society be truly resolved.

关 键 词：现代性 异化 时间结构 社会加速 共鸣关系 生产方式变革 

分 类 号：A715[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]