沙坡头地区一年生植物的生理生态特性研究  

Physio-ecological Characteristics of Annual Plants in Shapotou Region

作　　者：张景光[1] 周海燕[1] 王新平[1] 李新荣[1] 王刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学干旱农业生态国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2002年第4期350-353,共4页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"中国北方沙漠化过程及其防治研究"(G2 0 0 0 0 4870 4);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新项目 (CACX2 10 0 31);沙坡头沙漠试验研究站基金 ;国家自然科学基金 ( 39970 134)共同资助

摘　　要：对腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区一年生植物沙米 (Agriophyllumsquarrosum)、刺沙蓬 (Salsolaruthenica)和虫实(Corispermumdeclinatum)光合作用日变化的研究结果表明 ,沙米的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈单峰型 ,其最高峰出现在 11:0 0左右。刺沙蓬的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈“双峰型” ,光合速率、蒸腾速率在 9:0 0有一个峰值 ,而后在 11:0 0有一个谷值 ,13:0 0至 15 :0 0出现一天中的最高峰值 ;而其气孔导度在早 7:0 0是一天中的最高峰值 ,而后在 13:0 0有一个谷值 ,其次高峰出现在 15 :0 0～ 17:0 0 ,与蒸腾作用的日变化表现出密切的相关性。虫实的光合速率只是在早 7:0 0有一较小的高峰 ,其余时间基本维持在较低的水平 ,其蒸腾速率最高峰出现在11:0 0 ,气孔导度最高峰出现在 9:0 0～ 11:0 0 ,15 :0 0为一天中的最小值 ,17:0 0又有所回升 ,而后开始下降。就 3种一年生植物比较而言 ,在早 7:0 0时光合速率相差不大 ,随着气温的升高 ,虫实的光合速率逐渐下降 ,而沙米和刺沙蓬的光合速率逐渐增高 ,比虫实的光合速率提高了 4～ 6倍。刺沙蓬出现了明显的蒸腾午休现象 ,这可能是由于刺沙蓬的叶为肉质叶 ,它对周围环境变化的反应更灵敏 ,其调控机制变得活跃了 。The photosynthesis diurnal variation of annual plants Agriophyllum squarrosum, Salsola ruthenica and Corispermum declinatum grown in Shapotou region, Tengger Desert was studied. The results indicated that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and the stomatal conductance have a single peak-pattern variation in Agriophyllum squarrosum, the higher peak occurred at 11:00 am, while for Salsola ruthenica and Corispermum declinatum, they exhibited two-peak pattern. The first higher value of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate came at 9:00 am, and the highest value came at 15:00～17:00 pm, showing a close relationship with transpiration. The photosynthetic rate in Corispermum declinatum reached a relative higher value at 7:00 am, while maintained small in the remaining time. The highest transpiration rate came at 11:00 am and the stomatal conductance at 9:00～11:00 am, the least one at 15:00 pm, then rose up at 17:00 pm. Comparing the three plants, there were less difference in photosynthesis at 7:00 am. With the temperature increase the photosynthesis in Corispermum declinatum decreased but increased for 4～6 times in Agriophyllum squarrosum and Salsola ruthenica. The transpiration rate in Salsola ruthenica has a noontime break mainly due to the active adjusted function in fleshy leave which was sensitive to environmental changes. In contrast, Agriophyllum squarrosum and Corispermum declinatum were less sensitive to the environmental changes by showing a single-peak pattern in transpiration rate.

关 键 词：一年生植物 生理生态特性 光合速率 沙坡头 沙米 刺沙蓬 虫实 风蚀作用 蒸腾作用 

分 类 号：S288[农业科学—农业水土工程] Q948[农业科学—农业工程]