圈养马麝发情交配后期的日活动格局  

Activity Patterns of Captive Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus) during Postrut

作　　者：孟秀祥[1] 杨奇森[1] 冯祚建[1] 夏霖[1] 蒋应文 王培民 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区,榆中730117

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2002年第6期35-42,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (No .39870 137) ;中国科学院"九五"重大项目 (No .KZ95 1 A1 10 5 )

摘　　要：20 0 1年 1月 ,对 46只圈养马麝进行了行为取样 ,记录了四种行为状态 ,站立及运动、摄食、反刍、静卧。区分性别和年龄组 ,比较各组在发情后期的活动格局。在发情末期 ,马麝呈现多高峰的日活动节律 ,清晨的活动高峰不明显 ,故而包含于持续时间极长 (0 7:0 0～ 1 4:3 0时 )的上午活动高峰 ,另具黄昏(1 6:3 0～ 1 8:0 0时 )和午夜 (2 1 :0 0～ 0 0 :3 0时 )活动高峰。发情后期 ,马麝的活动节律主要受圈养条件、气温和生理状态的影响 ,摄食高峰的初次出现与喂饲时间有关 ,在喂饲前后发生反刍高峰 ,这是对饲料限量投放的一种适应 ;为适应冬季夜间的低气温 ,马麝在夜间趋向于静卧 ,而在较暖的昼间活动 ,以减少热量消耗 ;马麝雌体的发情交配状态影响其活动性 ,已交配受孕的雌体活动性降低。雄体的活动格局也受年龄和近期交配经历的影响。The post\|rut activity patterns of 46 captive musk deer were studied at Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province during Jan.2001.Some animals had been captured from the wild at different ages and some were born in captivity.Four behavioral states,standing and locomotion(SL),feeding(FE),ruminating(RU) and bedding(BE) were observed using scan sampling with a 3 minute sampling interval.Sampling was conducted with 10×50° binoculars.The activity rhythm of captive musk deer appeared to be multi\|modal,namely there were noon and midnight peaks of activity, as well as the well\|known dawn and dusk peaks.Activity peaks were influenced by environmental temperature and individual physiological state.In response to lower night\|time temperatures and to conserve energy during the post\|rut period(mid\|winter),musk deer showed higher activity levels during the day and lower at night,with bedding behavior showing hte reverse pattern.Pregnant females,namely C\-2(2\^5-5\^5 years old) showed lower activity than younger (C 1) and older females(C\-3).For females,age and experience of rutting had a strong influence upon their activity patterns(rhythm).The activity peaks of females and males were not synchronous.

关 键 词：圈养 马麝 发情交配后期 日活动格局 

分 类 号：Q492[生物学—生理学]