论天然气水合物与海底地质灾害、气象灾害和生物灾害的关系  

Environmental disaster of gas hydrate: its relationship with submarine geology hazard, climate hazard and biology hazard

作　　者：彭晓彤[1] 周怀阳[1] 陈光谦[1] 叶瑛[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广东广州510640 [2]浙江大学地球科学系,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2002年第4期18-22,共5页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000078500)

摘　　要：论述了天然气水合物与海底滑坡、全球变暖和海底生物灭绝等地质、气象、生物灾害的关系。海底天然气水合物的分解能够减小沉积物的胶结强度,并导致沉积层孔隙压力的过剩,进而诱发海底滑坡的发生。天然气水合物与全球变暖关系密切。从天然气水合物释放出来的甲烷可使地球温度升高4℃至8℃,升温的结果一方面可能中和全球变冷的趋势,另一方面也可能加剧全球变暖的趋势。全球天然气水合物大规模的分解,导致了海底单细胞生物大量灭亡,对海底生物多样性的保持构成巨大危害。在天然气水合物开发利用的设计阶段和实施阶段,必须有足够的防范意识和技术措施,防止或尽可能减少天然气水合物开发利用造成的各种环境灾害。This paper discussed the relationship of gas hydrate to submarine land slide, global warming and benthos extinction. The decomposition of gas hydrate in submarine decreased sediment strength and lead to excess pore pressure, which triggered submarine land slide. Gas hydrate and global warming could interact. Methane released from gas hydrate could provoke a global warming of 4 to 8 ℃ and the result of increasing temperature might neutralize the trend of global cooling or enhance the trend of global warming. The release of methane from gas hydrate led to the mass extinction of benthos, especially single cell fauna. Therefore, when we draw a plan to exploit gas hydrate resource, we must have consciousness and take technology measures to prevent or decrease various environment hazards triggered by gas hydrate exploitation. 

关 键 词：天然气水合物 海底地质灾害 气象灾害 生物灾害 海底滑坡 全球变暖 生物灭绝 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质] P744.4[天文地球—海洋科学]