江汉—洞庭湖平原湿地的历史变迁与可持续利用  

HISTORICAL VARIATION AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF THE JIANGHAN-DONGTING PLAIN'S WETLANDS

作　　者：龚胜生[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学资源与环境科学系,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2002年第6期569-574,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(49401016).

摘　　要：2200aBP以前,江汉—洞庭湖平原是一个完整的湿地生态系统,在人类活动影响下,其湿地空间逐渐由平原边缘向腹心萎缩,水陆交错型湿地之生物多样性的破坏早于水体型湿地之生物多样性的破坏,耕地转化是湿地空间萎缩和湿地生物多样性损失的主因。从湿地历史变迁看,江汉—洞庭湖平原现有湿地的保护与可持续利用必须:调整传统的"国家粮仓"的区域战略定位,实施湿地生态大农业和湿地生态旅游发展战略;加强湿地效益的宣传教育,提高湿地保护与可持续利用的政府决策能力和公众参与水平;协调耕地保护与湿地保护关系,推行湿地总量动态平衡制度;优化湿地生态系统的整体功能,将退田还湖作为区域发展的一项长期战略;扩大湿地自然保护区面积,恢复和增强湿地的景观多样性、文化多样性和生物多样性;加强国际合作,借鉴国外先进的成功管理湿地的经验。The JianghanDongting Plain in Hubei and Hunan provinces constituted a huge ecosystem of wetlands 2200 years ago. With the impacts of historically human activities, the extent of natural wetlands has been gradually atrophied from edge to center of the Plain; the deterioration of biodiversity in the waterland interlaced wetlands was earlier than that in the waterdominant wetlands; and farming conversion was a primary cause of the spatial atrophy and biodiversity deterioration of wetlands. From the historical process variation of wetland variation for, the protection, conservation and sustainable utilization of existing wetlands of the Plain following strategies should be considered:1) to adjust the traditional 'National Grain Depot' strategic orientation of the region,implement wetland ecoagriculture strategy and wetland ecotourism strategy;2) to strengthen the education and perception of function and benefit of wetlands to improve the ability of governmental decisionmaking and public participation in the conservation, protection, restoration and sustainable use of wetlands; 3) to harmonize the relation of wetland conservation with farmland protection through implementing the policy of no net loss of existing wetlands;4) to optimize the holistic function of wetland ecosystems by a longterm regional strategy of withdrawing farmland for wetland;5) to widen the area of conserved natural wetlands to restore the landscape's, cultural and biological diversity of wetlands;6) and to learn and borrow advanced managerial experience and tools from other countries by enhancing international cooperation and collaboration in wetland issues.

关 键 词：生物多样性 可持续利用 江汉-洞庭湖平原 湿地生态系统 湿地保护 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P931.7[天文地球—自然地理学]