高低阶认知能力与汉语二语学习者阅读理解关系研究:来自有声思维干预的证据  

The relationship between higher-level and lower-level cognitive skills and reading comprehension of Chinese L2learners:Evidence from think-aloud protocols

作　　者：许艳华 郑航 XU Yanhua;ZHENG Hang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学科研院 [2]北京语言大学教师教育学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2025年第1期129-142,共14页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目(23YYC014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究利用有声思维对阅读理解的干预作用,以中高级汉语二语(L2)成人为研究对象,以词汇量匹配的汉语一语(L1)儿童为参照,考察高阶(理解监控)和低阶认知能力(词汇量、语素意识)对L2阅读水平的影响权重。结果显示:词汇量对L2阅读理解有直接影响,语素意识通过词汇量的中介作用间接影响L2阅读理解水平,但词汇量和语素意识对L1阅读理解均起直接作用;理解监控干预虽对L2阅读理解产生一定的积极作用,但不如对L1儿童阅读的干预效果显著,其原因主要是L2成人的高阶认知能力已发展成熟,能对阅读理解产生自动化监控。本研究表明,制约中高级L2成人阅读理解的更显著因素仍是低阶认知能力,因此,持续提升词汇量和语素意识仍是中高级L2成人阅读教学的重点。This study investigates the intervention effects of think-aloud protocols on reading comprehension of intermediate-advanced adult learners of Chinese as a second language(L2),with a focus on the relative influence of higher-level(comprehension monitoring)and lower-level(morphemic awareness and vocabulary size)cognitive abilities.The control group includes Chinese as a first language(L1)primary school learners matched for vocabulary size with the L2learners.The findings reveal that vocabulary size directly influences L2reading comprehension,while morphemic awareness indirectly impacts L2 reading comprehension through the mediation of vocabulary size.In contrast,both vocabulary size and morphemic awareness directly affect L1reading comprehension.Although comprehension monitoring intervention has a positive effect on L2reading comprehension,its impact is less pronounced compared with the intervention’s effects on L1children’s reading.This is attributed mainly to L2adults’fully-developed higher-level cognitive skills,which enable them to automatically monitor their reading comprehension processes.The study suggests that in comparison with higher-level skills,lower-level skills remain key constraints on L2adults’reading comprehension at the intermediate-advanced learning stages,which underscores the importance of enhancing vocabulary size and morphemic awareness in L2reading instruction.

关 键 词：汉语二语学习者 高低阶认知能力 阅读理解 理解监控 有声思维 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]