急诊科老年患者跌倒的相关影响因素及预防策略  

Related influencing factors and prevention strategies for falls in geriatric patients in the emergency department

作　　者：杜莹莹 王亚茹 宋江 李国兴 贾敏 韩宝华[1] 张馨文 Du Yingying;Wang Yaru;Song Jiang;Li Guoxing;Jia Min;Han Baohua;Zhang Xinwen(Department of Emergency,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou Hebei 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院附属第一医院急诊科,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《保健医学研究与实践》2024年第9期95-100,共6页Health Medicine Research and Practice

基　　金：河北省2022年度医学科学研究课题计划项目(20220030)。

摘　　要：目的探讨急诊科老年患者发生跌倒的相关影响因素及相应预防策略,以期为临床干预提供参考。方法选取2022年3月—2023年3月于河北北方学院附属第一医院急诊科就诊的120例老年患者为研究对象。根据患者在急诊科诊疗期间是否发生跌倒事件分为发生组与对照组。以现场发放、现场收回的方式开展问卷调查。调查问卷包括个人基本情况、骨质疏松风险情况、躯体功能、营养状态及睡眠情况。采用多因素logistic逐步回归分析急诊科老年患者发生跌倒的影响因素。结果入组的120例患者中有23例发生跌倒事件,跌倒发生率为19.17%(23/120)。单因素分析结果显示:2组患者在年龄、骨质疏松风险、躯体功能、6个月内跌倒史、使用辅助器、脑卒中及高血压患病方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、高血压、脑卒中、骨质疏松风险、躯体功能、使用辅助器及6个月内跌倒史是导致老年患者发生跌倒的影响因素(P<0.05),其中使用辅助器为保护因素(P<0.05)。结论急诊科老年患者发生跌倒的影响因素较多,主要为年龄>70岁、高血压、脑卒中、骨质疏松风险高、躯体功能不合格、使用辅助器及有6个月内跌倒史等。因此需结合患者实际情况,予以对应的护理干预对策,降低跌倒风险。Objective To explore the related influencing factors and corresponding prevention strategies for falls in geriatric patients in the emergency department,aiming to provide a reference for clinical intervention.Methods A total of 120 geriatric patients who visited the emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the study participants.Patients were allocated to a fall group and a control group based on whether they experienced a fall during their treatment in the emergency department.A questionnaire survey was conducted by distributing and collecting questionnaires on-site.The survey included personal basic information,osteoporosis risk,physical function,nutritional status,and sleep conditions.Multifactorial logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of falls in geriatric patients in the emergency department.Results Among the 120 enrolled patients,23 cases of falls occurred,with an incidence of 19.17%(23/120).Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in age,osteoporosis risk,physical function,fall history within 6 months,use of assistive devices,stroke,and hypertension between the two groups(P<0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age,hypertension,stroke,osteoporosis risk,physical function,use of assistive devices,and fall history within 6 months are influencing factors for falls in these patients(P<0.05),among which the use of assistive devices is a protective factor(P<0.05).Conclusion There are multiple influencing factors for falls in geriatric patients in the emergency department,mainly including age>70 years,hypertension,stroke,high risk of osteoporosis,unqualified physical function,use of assistive devices,and a history of falls within 6 months.Therefore,it is necessary to combine the actual situation of patients to provide corresponding nursing intervention strategies to reduce the risk of falls.

关 键 词：急诊科 老年患者 跌倒风险 预防策略 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]