基于三维点云处理的枕簧高度测量方法  

Pillow Spring Height Measurement Method Based on 3D Point Cloud Processing

作　　者：公勇 杜姗 王紫光[1,2] 陈永飞 张生芳 GONG Yong;DU Shan;WANG Ziguang;CHEN Yongfei;ZHANG Shengfang(Key Laboratory for Intelligent Technology in Railway Equipment of Liaoning Province,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;Zhejiang Linix Motor Co.,Ltd.,Jinhua 322118,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学辽宁省轨道交通装备智能化技术重点实验室,辽宁大连116028 [2]浙江联宜电机有限公司,浙江金华322118

出　　处：《测试技术学报》2025年第1期63-71,共9页Journal of Test and Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52375169)。

摘　　要：轨道列车转向架的枕簧需要定期进行检修,枕簧高度是重要的检测项目。针对目前枕簧高度测量存在的效率低、精度差、不易实现自动化检测的问题,提出了一种基于三维点云处理的高效高精度测量枕簧高度的方法。通过快照式传感器获取枕簧端面的点云数据,对比常用的点云精简方法,采用体素下采样方法对采集的数据进行精简;结合直通滤波、半径滤波及统计滤波方法对枕簧端面数据进行降噪;最后利用RANSAC算法进行平面拟合,通过计算拟合平面之间的距离得到枕簧的高度。结果表明:与高度卡尺测量结果对比,利用该方法获得的枕簧高度测量误差小于0.3 mm,符合行业检修规程和检修工艺要求。The sleeper springs of railroad train bogies need to be tested periodically,and the height of the sleeper springs is an important test item.The article proposes an efficient and accurate method for measuring the height of the bolster spring in the bogie of a rail vehicle,addressing the issues of low efficiency,poor accuracy,and lack of automation in current height measurement techniques.The method is based on three-dimensional point cloud processing.Using a snapshot-style sensor,point cloud data of the bolster spring end face is obtained.Instead of commonly used point cloud simplification methods,a voxel downsampling method is employed to streamline the data collection process.Additionally,noise reduction techniques including passthrough filtering,radius filtering,and statistical filtering are applied to the point cloud data of the bolster spring end face.Finally,the RANSAC algorithm is used for plane fitting,and the height of the bolster spring is obtained by calculating the distance between the fitted planes.The results show that the height measurement error using this method is less than 0.3 mm when compared to measurements obtained using a caliper,meeting the requirements of industry maintenance regulations and processes.

关 键 词：枕簧高度测量 点云精简 点云降噪 平面拟合 

分 类 号：U269.34[机械工程—车辆工程]