微妙的中间路线:20世纪60~70年代印度NID设计的“现代性”语境与探索  

Subtle Middle Route:The Context of“Modernity”and Exploration of Indian NID Design in the 1960s~1970s

作　　者：王敏 Wang Min

机构地区：[1]江南大学设计学院

出　　处：《艺术设计研究》2024年第6期109-116,共8页Art & Design Research

摘　　要：20世纪60~70年代,印度NID根植于后殖民时期国家经济建设的现实需求,在设计中采取了走中间路线的策略。本研究结合冷战背景与印度语境,分析了这个时期NID设计在“现代性”语境下选择中间路线的三个主要原因,并解读其“好设计”思想的核心内容与价值体系。微妙的中间路线,指NID设计在冷战对抗与经济援助、农村手工艺与现代化目标、传统价值观与后殖民思想等多重因素作用下,采取折中、谨慎的选择与批判性。该路线清晰地表达了印度为避免陷入消费主义的“再殖民”境地,呈现由政府主导而不是由市场主导设计的现象,是设计服务于意识形态的实践。研究揭示了从传统的Lota到甘地的“手摇织机革命”,再到NID设计教育的模式,均有以共同创造为基础的印度式印记。在NID设计中并存着两个原则:一个是被精心选择的微妙中间路线;另一个是从传统延续而来的共同创造,这两个原则奠定了印度式“好设计”的创新基础。最后指出,NID设计的共同创造转变为一种社会参与模式,能够缓解不同种姓之间的文化隔离并消除了传统手工艺与设计之间的界限。In the 1960s and 1970s,India’s NID was rooted in the practical needs of post-colonial economic development and adopted a strategy of taking an intermediate route in its design.This study combines the background of the Cold War and the context of India to analyze the three main reasons why NID design chose the middle path in the context of modernity during this period and interprets the core content and value system of its“good design”ideology.The subtle middle ground refers to the NID design taking a compromise,cautious choice,and critical approach under factors such as Cold War confrontation and economic assistance,rural handicrafts and modernization goals,traditional values,and postcolonial thinking.This route clearly expresses India’s desire to avoid falling into the“re-colonization”of consumerism,presenting a phenomenon of government-led design rather than market-led design,a practice of design-serving ideology.The study revealed that from the traditional Lota to Gandhi’s“hand loom revolution”,and then to the NID design education model,there are Indian style imprints based on co-creation.There are two principles coexisting in NID design:one is the carefully selected subtle intermediate route;The other is the co-creation that continues from tradition,which lays the foundation for innovation in Indian style“good design”.Finally,it is pointed out that the co-creation of NID design has transformed into a social participation model,which can alleviate cultural segregation between different castes and eliminate the boundary between traditional handicrafts and design.

关 键 词：冷战 印度语境 NID设计 中间路线 现代性 

分 类 号：J05[艺术—艺术理论]