“扎根”还是“上岸”--地方二本院校毕业生“慢就业”的内在成因及引导策略  

Rooting or Landing:Study on the Intrinsic Causes and Countermeasures of Slow Employment of Graduates from Local Universities

作　　者：冯雨奂 王丽婷 FENG Yuhuan;WANG Liting(School of Marxism,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《现代教育论丛》2024年第6期89-101,共13页Modern Education Review

基　　金：2023年度广东省教育科学规划课题“数字时代劳动新图景与劳动教育的实践路径”(2023GXJK210);广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划2023年度共建课题“广州高校农村籍大学生‘慢就业’的内在成因及对策研究”(2023GZGJ157)。

摘　　要：本文基于珠三角地区一所地方二本院校的田野调查,聚焦毕业生“慢就业”现象,并从文化资本理论视角出发,探究形成这一现象的原因。研究发现,高等教育供求数量的不对称和供求结构的错位导致大学文凭作为“制度性文化资本”有所失效,学生“按部就班”的惯习未能转化为职场中工作机构所看重的“身体性文化资本”,同时,教育产出的社会身份预期使得他们不愿“低就”。为应对文化资本的失灵,毕业生群体选择通过保留应届生身份、反复备考等方式以进行“自救”。本文在充分尊重市场经济人才资源配置和学生成长规律的基础上,提出了提速“慢就业”的对策,以期实现更高质量与更充分就业目标。This paper focuses on the phenomenon of“slow employment”of college graduates based on afield study of a local application-oriented undergraduate university in the Pearl River Delta region.It explores the causes of this phenomenon from the perspective of cultural capital theory.The studyfinds that the asymmetry in the quantity of supply and demand in higher education and the mismatch in the structure of supply and demand lead to the failure of university diplomas as“institutional cultural capital”.Students’conventional habit of“following the rules”does not serve as the“physical cultural capital”valued by organizations in the workplace.At the same time,the social status expectations of educational output make them reluctant to“lower their expectations”.In order to cope with the failure of cultural capital,the“slow-employed”group chooses to“save themselves”by retaining their fresh-graduate-status and repeatedly preparing for exams.Based on the allocation of human resources in the market economy and the law of students’growth,the study provides the strategy of speeding up“slow employment”in order to achieve the goal of higher quality and better employment.

关 键 词：地方高校 慢就业 间隔年备考 文化资本 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]